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Contextualização: Os fibromiomas uterinos são tumores benignos que comumente afetam mulheres em idade fértil. Nas situações em que são sintomáticos, devem ser intervencionados de forma a aliviar ou tratar a sintomatologia, sendo que a Embolização das Artérias Uterinas (EAU) é utilizada para este fim desde 1995. Objetivo: Fazer uma revisão da bibliografia atualmente disponível sobre a embolização das artérias uterinas em contexto de fibromiomas, o impacto na sintomatologia, a comparação com as técnicas cirúrgicas e o impacto sobre a fertilidade. Métodos de pesquisa: A pesquisa bibliográfica foi baseada no motor de busca PubMed, utilizando as palavras-chave “uterine artery embolization myoma” e “uterine artery embolization fibroids”. Foram selecionados os artigos em língua inglesa, publicados há menos de 10 anos. Discussão: A EAU é um procedimento minimamente invasivo cujo objetivo é provocar isquémia dos fibromiomas. Esta é uma opção adequada para mulheres que desejem preservar o útero e que não possam ser submetidas a cirurgia por comorbilidades concomitantes. Normalmente está associada a uma redução do tamanho dos fibromiomas de 50-60%, do útero de 40-50%, dos sintomas de peso pélvico de 88-92% e a supressão de mais de 90% das hemorragias uterinas anómalas. A EAU comparada com a miomectomia ou histerectomia está associada a menor tempo de hospitalização, menor tempo para retomar a vida normal e a uma menor taxa de complicações major, no entanto aparenta estar relacionada com uma maior taxa de reintervenções no futuro. Relativamente ao impacto na fertilidade, ainda não existe evidência científica de qualidade que permita aferir o real impacto, no entanto pensa-se que possa afetar negativamente a fertilidade. Conclusão: A EAU é uma alternativa às terapêuticas cirúrgicas para o tratamento de fibromiomas, permitindo uma rápida recuperação. Contudo ainda carece de investigação científica para esclarecer questões como o impacto na fertilidade e a reserva ovárica.
Background: The uterine fibroids are benign tumors that commonly affect women in fertile age. In some cases, they are symptomatic and something must be done in order to lighten or treat the symptoms. The Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE) is one of the available procedures to this end since 1995. Purpose: To provide a literature review about UAE and its impact on the symptoms, fertility and to compare it with the other available surgical techniques. Search methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, using the following key words: uterine artery embolization myoma” and “uterine artery embolization fibroids”. The selected articles were all written in English and they were all published in the last 10 years. Discussion: The UAE is a minimally invasive procedure which aims to induce ischemia in the targeted fibroids. It is a suitable option for women who wish to preserve the uterus or who are not eligible for surgery due to comorbilities. Usually the UAE leads to a decrease of fibroid size of 50-60%, of uterus size of 40-50%, of bulk symptoms of 88- 92% and to the suppression of over 90% of anomalous uterine bleeding. Compared to myomectomy or hysterectomy, the UAE appears to be associated to shorter hospitalization, more rapid return to normal activity and to a smaller rate of major complications. However, it appears to be connected to a higher risk of re-intervention. In what concerns the impact on fertility, the available evidence has low quality and so it is not possible to draw conclusions of the real impact. Nevertheless, it is believed that it may be a negative one. Conclusion: UAE is a good alternative to surgery in the treatment of fibroids, allowing for a fast recovery. However, it still needs further scientific investigation to clarify the impact on fertility and ovary function.
Background: The uterine fibroids are benign tumors that commonly affect women in fertile age. In some cases, they are symptomatic and something must be done in order to lighten or treat the symptoms. The Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE) is one of the available procedures to this end since 1995. Purpose: To provide a literature review about UAE and its impact on the symptoms, fertility and to compare it with the other available surgical techniques. Search methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, using the following key words: uterine artery embolization myoma” and “uterine artery embolization fibroids”. The selected articles were all written in English and they were all published in the last 10 years. Discussion: The UAE is a minimally invasive procedure which aims to induce ischemia in the targeted fibroids. It is a suitable option for women who wish to preserve the uterus or who are not eligible for surgery due to comorbilities. Usually the UAE leads to a decrease of fibroid size of 50-60%, of uterus size of 40-50%, of bulk symptoms of 88- 92% and to the suppression of over 90% of anomalous uterine bleeding. Compared to myomectomy or hysterectomy, the UAE appears to be associated to shorter hospitalization, more rapid return to normal activity and to a smaller rate of major complications. However, it appears to be connected to a higher risk of re-intervention. In what concerns the impact on fertility, the available evidence has low quality and so it is not possible to draw conclusions of the real impact. Nevertheless, it is believed that it may be a negative one. Conclusion: UAE is a good alternative to surgery in the treatment of fibroids, allowing for a fast recovery. However, it still needs further scientific investigation to clarify the impact on fertility and ovary function.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2019
Palavras-chave
Embolização das artérias uterinas Fibromioma Fertilidade Histerectomia Miomectomia Ginecologia Obstetrícia
