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Espaços-bolso e espaços-outros : Mitigar os efeitos da indústria turística nos centros históricos, o caso de Cascais
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A tentativa de preservar a aparência idílica dos centros históricos leva, por um lado, à sua exploração excessiva pela indústria turística e, por outro, à sua desocupação. Sendo frequentemente vistos como uma espécie de parque de diversões ou como museus, acabam por se tornar espaços sem vida para além disso – tal como alertava já Lefebvre em 1967. Neste contexto, entre o espaço ‘turistificado’ e ‘gentrificado’ dos centros históricos, surgem espaços que, embora invisíveis, parecem potenciar o lugar de uma outra dimensão na cidade – traseiras de edifícios, interiores de quarteirões – precisamente por resistirem aos fenómenos acima mencionados. Estes espaços, designados ‘espaços-bolso’, enquadram-se (1) no contexto abrangente das heterotopias – espaço-outros – introduzidas por Foucault; (2) têm determinadas qualidades morfológicas e topológicas que os tornam invisíveis, impedindo-os de serem consumidos pela indústria turística e (3) pressupõem um uso social, o que reflecte as necessidades das comunidades locais na ocupação desses espaços. Este enquadramento teórico, morfológico, topológico e social é aplicado ao caso de estudo – a vila de Cascais –, onde se observou a dicotomia entre espaço público ‘turistificado’ e invisível. Foi no âmbito da Unidade Curricular de Projecto Integrado III, do V ano, que se desenvolveu a proposta urbano arquitectónica que dá origem a esta reflexão.
The attempt to preserve the idyllic appearance of historic centres leads, on the one hand, to their over-exploitation by the touristic industry and, on the other, to their vacancy. Often seen as a kind of amusement park or museum, they end up becoming spaces with no life beyond that – as Lefebvre warned back in 1967. In this context, between the ‘touristified’ and ‘gentrified’ spaces of the historic centres, there are spaces that, although invisible, seem to enhance the place of another dimension in the city – the back façades of buildings, the interiors of blocks – precisely because they resist the abovementioned phenomena. These spaces, known as ‘pocket spaces’, fit into (1) the broad context of heterotopias other-spaces – introduced by Foucault; (2) have certain morphological and topological qualities that make them invisible, preventing them from being consumed by the touristic industry and (3) presuppose a social use, which reflects the needs of local communities in occupying these spaces. This theoretical, morphological, topological and social framework is applied to the case study of the town of Cascais, where the dichotomy between ‘touristified’ and invisible public space was observed. It was within the scope of the Integrated Project III Curricular Unit of the 5th year that the urban architectural proposal that gives rise to this reflection was developed.
The attempt to preserve the idyllic appearance of historic centres leads, on the one hand, to their over-exploitation by the touristic industry and, on the other, to their vacancy. Often seen as a kind of amusement park or museum, they end up becoming spaces with no life beyond that – as Lefebvre warned back in 1967. In this context, between the ‘touristified’ and ‘gentrified’ spaces of the historic centres, there are spaces that, although invisible, seem to enhance the place of another dimension in the city – the back façades of buildings, the interiors of blocks – precisely because they resist the abovementioned phenomena. These spaces, known as ‘pocket spaces’, fit into (1) the broad context of heterotopias other-spaces – introduced by Foucault; (2) have certain morphological and topological qualities that make them invisible, preventing them from being consumed by the touristic industry and (3) presuppose a social use, which reflects the needs of local communities in occupying these spaces. This theoretical, morphological, topological and social framework is applied to the case study of the town of Cascais, where the dichotomy between ‘touristified’ and invisible public space was observed. It was within the scope of the Integrated Project III Curricular Unit of the 5th year that the urban architectural proposal that gives rise to this reflection was developed.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Arquitetura, 2024, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura
Palavras-chave
pocket spaces heterotopia touristification historic centres Cascais espaços-bolso heterotopia turistificação centros históricos Cascais