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Introdução: O regime ovolactovegetariano constitui uma área de interesse crescente, no entanto, apesar dos seus benefícios, a sua adoção pode implicar maior risco de carências nutricionais, como vitamina B12, vitamina D, ácidos gordos w-3, o cálcio, o zinco, o fero e o iodo. Apesar da idade pediátrica constituir um período de elevado risco nutricional múltiplas sociedades consideram que uma dieta vegetariana, bem planeada, é apropriada a todas as fases do ciclo de vida. É então fundamental o acesso por parte de pais e profissionais de saúde a recomendações adequadas a cada fase do crescimento e o conhecimento dos riscos e benefícios associados. O potencial das recomendações já existentes depende da sua acessibilidade e padronização, de forma a serem incorporadas e adotadas na prática. Assim, o objetivo desta revisão sistemática consiste na pesquisa e síntese das atuais recomendações para dietas vegetarianas em idade pediátrica. Métodos: Literatura desde o ano 2000 disponível nas bases de dados: Pubmed, TRIP database, NGC, G.I.N, SciELO, Google Scholar, HSTAT, ESPEN, ASPEN, ESPGHAN, ADA e BDA; que incluíssem documentos de orientação sobre vegetarianismo em idade pediátrica.
Resultados: Foram incluídos 5 estudos na revisão final, de onde foram extraídas recomendações por nutriente específico - necessidades energéticas e crescimento, proteínas/aminoácidos essenciais, lípidos/ácidos gordos essenciais, hidratos de carbono, fibras, ferro, zinco, cálcio, iodo, vitamina A, vitamina B2, vitamina B12, vitamina D-, e estratificadas por subgrupo de idade pediátrica - lactentes (0-1 ano), crianças (1-9 anos) e adolescentes (10-19 anos). Conclusões: Este regime é adequado à idade pediátrica e o seguimento de orientações permite, de forma segura, usufruir das suas vantagens e diminuir o risco de carências nutricionais. A síntese destas orientações destina-se ao apoio dos pais e profissionais de saúde, devendo o julgamento do prestador de cuidados prevalecer. Tornou-se ainda evidente que o interesse populacional crescente nesta área carece ainda de acompanhamento científico e social, nomeadamente a nível nacional.
Background: The ovolactovegetarian regime is an area of growing interest; however, despite its benefits, its adoption may involve a greater risk of nutritional deficiencies, such as vitamin B12, vitamin D, fatty acids w-3, calcium, zinc, iron and iodine. Despite the pediatric age consisting a period of high nutritional risk, multiple societies consider that a well-planned vegetarian diet is appropriate at every stage of the life cycle. Access to data and health professionals is fundamental. The beneficial of actual recommendations depends on their accessibility and standardization in order to be incorporated and adopted in practice. Thus, the objective of this systematic review consists of researching and synthetize recommendations for vegetarian diets in pediatric age. Methods: Literature since the year 2000 available in the databases: Pubmed, TRIP database, NGC, G.I.N, SciELO, Google Scholar, HSTAT, ESPEN, ASPEN, ESPGHAN, ADA and BDA; that included guidance documents on vegetarianism in pediatric age. Results: Five studies were included in the final review, from which specific nutrient recommendations were extracted - energy needs and growth, proteins / essential amino acids, lipids / essential fatty acids, carbohydrates, fibers, iron, zinc, calcium, iodine, vitamin A, Vitamin B12, vitamin D-, and stratified by subgroup of pediatric age - infants (0-1 years), children (1-9 years) and adolescents (10-19 years). Conclusions: This regimen is suitable for pediatric age and the follow-up of guidelines allows it to safely take advantage of its benefits and reduce the risk of nutritional deficiencies. The synthesis of these guidelines is intended for the support of parents and health professionals, and the judgment of the care provider should prevail. It has also become evident that the growing population interest in this area still needs to be scientifically and socially monitored, particularly at national level.
Background: The ovolactovegetarian regime is an area of growing interest; however, despite its benefits, its adoption may involve a greater risk of nutritional deficiencies, such as vitamin B12, vitamin D, fatty acids w-3, calcium, zinc, iron and iodine. Despite the pediatric age consisting a period of high nutritional risk, multiple societies consider that a well-planned vegetarian diet is appropriate at every stage of the life cycle. Access to data and health professionals is fundamental. The beneficial of actual recommendations depends on their accessibility and standardization in order to be incorporated and adopted in practice. Thus, the objective of this systematic review consists of researching and synthetize recommendations for vegetarian diets in pediatric age. Methods: Literature since the year 2000 available in the databases: Pubmed, TRIP database, NGC, G.I.N, SciELO, Google Scholar, HSTAT, ESPEN, ASPEN, ESPGHAN, ADA and BDA; that included guidance documents on vegetarianism in pediatric age. Results: Five studies were included in the final review, from which specific nutrient recommendations were extracted - energy needs and growth, proteins / essential amino acids, lipids / essential fatty acids, carbohydrates, fibers, iron, zinc, calcium, iodine, vitamin A, Vitamin B12, vitamin D-, and stratified by subgroup of pediatric age - infants (0-1 years), children (1-9 years) and adolescents (10-19 years). Conclusions: This regimen is suitable for pediatric age and the follow-up of guidelines allows it to safely take advantage of its benefits and reduce the risk of nutritional deficiencies. The synthesis of these guidelines is intended for the support of parents and health professionals, and the judgment of the care provider should prevail. It has also become evident that the growing population interest in this area still needs to be scientifically and socially monitored, particularly at national level.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2017
Palavras-chave
Vegetarianismo Nutrição Pediatria
