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Instruções de ajuda (coach marks) e a sua validade para seniores em aplicações móveis
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O uso de dispositivos móveis continua em grande crescimento, sendo que smartphones e
tablets são cada vez mais utilizados para interagir com um grande número de aplicações.
Os smartphones são atualmente utilizados por praticamente todas as idades, sendo que nas
faixas etárias mais avançadas, existem claras barreiras na utilização. Estas barreiras devemse sobretudo a problemas de usabilidade, à perceção de que são dispositivos difíceis de
utilizar e à falta de confiança na utilização.
Existem algumas ferramentas de design para auxiliar os utilizadores no primeiro contacto com
aplicações e este estudo incide sobre a utilização de ajudas gráficas ou coach marks.
As coach marks são elementos gráficos, normalmente setas e texto, sobrepostos ao interface
para explicar alguns elementos. Apesar de serem habitualmente utilizadas, existe na
comunidade de desenvolvimento alguma controvérsia acerca da validade das mesmas
enquanto elemento de ajuda à interação e apenas um estudo publicado abordou este tema.
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo aferir essa validade na faixa etária acima dos 65 anos,
contribuindo assim para mais conhecimento sobre o uso destes elementos de ajuda e também
aprofundando o estudo já existente.
Para realizar o estudo a que se refere esta dissertação, foram criados dois protótipos de uma
aplicação de notícias, um sem coach marks, que foi utilizado pelo grupo de controlo e outro
com coach marks, utilizado pelo grupo de intervenção. Ambos os grupos cumpriram um
conjunto de 4 tarefas. Os resultados não revelaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas
entre os grupos e na pesquisa qualitativa as ajudas não foram identificadas como elemento
diferenciador de ajuda à interação, pelo que, para as condições deste estudo, as ajudas
utilizadas (coach marks) não demonstraram ser eficazes como ajuda à interação junto da
amostra em estudo
The use of mobile devices continues to grow, with smartphones and tablets being increasingly used to interact with numerous applications. Smartphones are currently used by practically all ages, but in the most advanced age groups, there are clear barriers to use. These barriers are mainly due to usability problems, the perception that devices are difficult to use and the lack of confidence in their use. There are some design tools to help users in their first contact with applications, and this study focuses on the use of graphic aids or coach marks. Coach marks are graphical elements, usually arrows and text, overlaid on the interface to explain some elements. Despite being commonly used, there is some controversy in the development community about their validity as an element to help interaction and only one published study addressed this topic. This dissertation aims to assess this validity in the age group above 65 years, thus contributing to more knowledge about the use of these aids and also deepening the existing study. To carry out the study referred to in this dissertation, two prototypes of a news application were created, one without coach marks, which was used by the control group and the other with coach marks, used by the intervention group. Both groups completed a set of 4 tasks. The results did not reveal statistically significant differences between the groups and, in the qualitative research, aids were not identified as a differentiating element in helping interaction, so, for the conditions of this study, the aids used (coach marks) did not prove to be effective as an aid to interaction with the sample under study
The use of mobile devices continues to grow, with smartphones and tablets being increasingly used to interact with numerous applications. Smartphones are currently used by practically all ages, but in the most advanced age groups, there are clear barriers to use. These barriers are mainly due to usability problems, the perception that devices are difficult to use and the lack of confidence in their use. There are some design tools to help users in their first contact with applications, and this study focuses on the use of graphic aids or coach marks. Coach marks are graphical elements, usually arrows and text, overlaid on the interface to explain some elements. Despite being commonly used, there is some controversy in the development community about their validity as an element to help interaction and only one published study addressed this topic. This dissertation aims to assess this validity in the age group above 65 years, thus contributing to more knowledge about the use of these aids and also deepening the existing study. To carry out the study referred to in this dissertation, two prototypes of a news application were created, one without coach marks, which was used by the control group and the other with coach marks, used by the intervention group. Both groups completed a set of 4 tasks. The results did not reveal statistically significant differences between the groups and, in the qualitative research, aids were not identified as a differentiating element in helping interaction, so, for the conditions of this study, the aids used (coach marks) did not prove to be effective as an aid to interaction with the sample under study
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ajudas gráficas Aplicações móveis APPS Coach marks Design Interação Instructional overlays Mobile Protótipo Pesquisa com utilizadores Seniores Smartphone Usabilidade APPS Coach marks Design Graphical aids Interaction Instructional overlays Mobile Mobile applications Prototype Smartphone Smartphone Seniors Usercentered design User experience User research User testing Usability