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Dever internacional regulatório, as emissões associadas aos combustíveis fósseis e saúde pública
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Resumo(s)
Esta pesquisa analisa o dever ambiental dos Estados e os desafios do Direito Internacional na regulação das emissões de combustíveis fósseis e seus impactos na saúde pública, sob a perspectiva da teoria da Sociedade de Risco (Beck, 1986). A queima desses combustíveis, embora historicamente vinculada ao desenvolvimento econômico, gera riscos ambientais transfronteiriços, como poluição atmosférica e mudanças climáticas, exigindo cooperação internacional para além das soberanias nacionais. O estudo estrutura-se em três eixos: (1) o dever ambiental dos Estados, baseado em princípios como o do poluidor-pagador e responsabilidades comuns, porém diferenciadas; (2) os impactos das emissões de materiais particulados (MP) na saúde pública, relacionando obrigações climáticas a direitos humanos; e (3) a governança global, com foco em políticas públicas (ex.: Energiewende na Alemanha) e lacunas na fiscalização internacional. A questão central é: Como o Direito Internacional pode garantir a efetividade do dever regulatório dos Estados na redução das emissões de combustíveis fósseis, considerando seus impactos na saúde pública e as lacunas de enforcement nos mecanismos de governança global? A relevância do estudo está na intersecção entre normas ambientais, direitos humanos e acordos internacionais, como o Acordo de Paris. Metodologicamente, utiliza-se pesquisa aplicada, abordagem mista, método dedutivo e análise bibliográfica. Conclui-se que, apesar de instrumentos jurídicos existentes (ex.: Protocolo de Quioto, jurisprudências como Urgenda), a efetividade depende de mecanismos mais robustos, como tribunais climáticos, financiamento verde e integração entre saúde pública e justiça ambiental. A cooperação internacional é essencial para superar lacunas na implementação.
This research examines the environmental duty of States and the challenges of International Law in regulating fossil fuel emissions and their impacts on public health, from the perspective of the Risk Society theory (Beck, 1986). The burning of these fuels, though historically linked to economic development, generates transboundary environmental risks, such as air pollution and climate change, requiring international cooperation beyond national sovereignties. The study is structured around three axes: (1) the environmental duty of States, based on principles such as polluter-pays and common but differentiated responsibilities; (2) the impacts of particulate matter (PM) emissions on public health, linking climate obligations to human rights; and (3) global governance, focusing on public policies (e.g., Germany’s Energiewende) and gaps in international oversight. The central question is: How can International Law ensure the effectiveness of States' regulatory duty in reducing fossil fuel emissions, considering their public health impacts and the enforcement gaps in global governance mechanisms? The relevance of this study lies at the intersection of environmental norms, human rights, and international agreements, such as the Paris Agreement. Methodologically, it employs applied research, a mixed approach, the deductive method, and bibliographic analysis. It concludes that, despite existing legal instruments (e.g., the Kyoto Protocol, case law like Urgenda), effectiveness depends on more robust mechanisms, such as climate courts, green financing, and the integration of public health and environmental justice. International cooperation is essential to overcome implementation gaps.
This research examines the environmental duty of States and the challenges of International Law in regulating fossil fuel emissions and their impacts on public health, from the perspective of the Risk Society theory (Beck, 1986). The burning of these fuels, though historically linked to economic development, generates transboundary environmental risks, such as air pollution and climate change, requiring international cooperation beyond national sovereignties. The study is structured around three axes: (1) the environmental duty of States, based on principles such as polluter-pays and common but differentiated responsibilities; (2) the impacts of particulate matter (PM) emissions on public health, linking climate obligations to human rights; and (3) global governance, focusing on public policies (e.g., Germany’s Energiewende) and gaps in international oversight. The central question is: How can International Law ensure the effectiveness of States' regulatory duty in reducing fossil fuel emissions, considering their public health impacts and the enforcement gaps in global governance mechanisms? The relevance of this study lies at the intersection of environmental norms, human rights, and international agreements, such as the Paris Agreement. Methodologically, it employs applied research, a mixed approach, the deductive method, and bibliographic analysis. It concludes that, despite existing legal instruments (e.g., the Kyoto Protocol, case law like Urgenda), effectiveness depends on more robust mechanisms, such as climate courts, green financing, and the integration of public health and environmental justice. International cooperation is essential to overcome implementation gaps.
Descrição
Direito e Ciência Jurídica
Palavras-chave
Direito internacional do ambiente Combustíveis Saúde pública Sociedade de risco Governança climática Teses de mestrado – 2026