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Qualidade de vida, estratégias de coping, burnout, sobregarga e sintomas psicopatológicos numa amostra de cuidadores formais
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O papel do cuidador formal na sociedade tem-se tornado cada vez mais relevante à medida que a pessoa perda as suas capacidades físicas e intelectuais. Assim, o bem-estar físico e mental dos cuidadores formais tem-se tornado o foco de investigações. O presente estudo apresenta como objetivo explorar um conjunto de variáveis associadas ao cuidador formal, nomeadamente, a Qualidade de Vida e a Qualidade de Vida Relacionada com a Saúde percecionadas, a utilização de estratégias de Coping, o nível de Burnout e de Sobrecarga percecionados e os Sintomas Psicopatológicos experienciados.
A amostra é constituída por 40 cuidadores formais, maioritariamente do sexo feminino, com idades compreendidas entre os 22 e os 66 anos. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: World Health Organization Quality of Life – Bref (WHOQOL-Bref), Questionário de Estado de Saúde (SF-36), Questionário de Modos de Lidar com os Acontecimentos (QMLA), Inventário de Burnout de Copenhagen (IBC), Escala de Sobrecarga do Cuidador (ESC), Inventário de Sintomas Psicopatológicos (BSI), bem como a um questionário sociodemográfico.
Os cuidadores formais tendem a experienciar uma Qualidade de Vida e Qualidade de Vida Relacionada com a Saúde relativamente boas, estando estas associadas a níveis mais baixos de Burnout, de Sobrecarga, a uma maior utilização de estratégias de Coping focadas nos Problemas, e a uma menor experiência de sintomas psicopatológicos. Foram também observadas associações significativas entre todas as escalas de Burnout e todos os fatores de Sobrecarga, sugerindo-se no futuro a possibilidade serem realizadas comparações entre cuidadores formais e informais. As variáveis “Carga Horária Semanal” e “Anos de Serviço na Instituição” apresentaram associações, nomeadamente com o “Domínio Geral” da Qualidade de Vida, Estratégia de Coping “Procura de Suporte Social”, “Burnout relacionado com o utente” e com o fator de Sobrecarga “Relação Interpessoal”. Os cuidadores com formação superior percecionaram o seu estado de saúde como melhor do que os outros cuidadores. Os cuidadores com filiação com a Instituição por mais de 8 anos apresentam níveis mais baixos de Burnout relacionado com o trabalho e com o utente e com o fator de Sobrecarga “Relação Interpessoal”.
The formal caregiver role in society has become more relevant as the person looses their physical and intellectual abilities. The physical and mental well-being of formal caregivers has become the focus of many investigations. This study has the aim of exploring a set of variables associated with the formal caregiver, namely Quality of Life and Health Related Quality of Life, Coping Strategies used in stress situations, Burnout and Burden levels and experienced Psychopathological Symptoms. The sample consists of 40 formal caregivers, mostly female, aged between 22 and 66 years. The following instruments were used: World Health Organization Quality of Life - Bref (WHOQOL-Bref), State of Health Questionnaire (SF-36), Ways of Coping Questionnaire (QMLA), Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (IBC), The Zarit Burden Interview (ESC), The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), as well as a sociodemographic questionnaire. Formal caregivers tend to experience a Quality of Life and Health Related Quality of Life reasonably good, these being associated with lower levels of Burnout, Burden, larger use of Problem-focused Coping and to a lower experience of Psychopathological Symptoms. Significant associations were also found between all scales of Burnout and Burden factors, suggesting in the future the possibility of carrying out comparisons between formal and informal caregivers. Variables "Week Working Hours" and "Years of Service in the Institution" had associations, namely with the "General Domain" of Quality of Life, Coping Strategy "Search for Social Support", "Client-related Burnout" and Burden factor "Interpersonal Relations". Caregivers with higher education understand their health better than other caregivers. Caregivers affiliated with the institution for more than eight years have lower levels of “Work-Related Burnout” and “Client-related Burnout” as well as with Burden "Interpersonal Relations".
The formal caregiver role in society has become more relevant as the person looses their physical and intellectual abilities. The physical and mental well-being of formal caregivers has become the focus of many investigations. This study has the aim of exploring a set of variables associated with the formal caregiver, namely Quality of Life and Health Related Quality of Life, Coping Strategies used in stress situations, Burnout and Burden levels and experienced Psychopathological Symptoms. The sample consists of 40 formal caregivers, mostly female, aged between 22 and 66 years. The following instruments were used: World Health Organization Quality of Life - Bref (WHOQOL-Bref), State of Health Questionnaire (SF-36), Ways of Coping Questionnaire (QMLA), Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (IBC), The Zarit Burden Interview (ESC), The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), as well as a sociodemographic questionnaire. Formal caregivers tend to experience a Quality of Life and Health Related Quality of Life reasonably good, these being associated with lower levels of Burnout, Burden, larger use of Problem-focused Coping and to a lower experience of Psychopathological Symptoms. Significant associations were also found between all scales of Burnout and Burden factors, suggesting in the future the possibility of carrying out comparisons between formal and informal caregivers. Variables "Week Working Hours" and "Years of Service in the Institution" had associations, namely with the "General Domain" of Quality of Life, Coping Strategy "Search for Social Support", "Client-related Burnout" and Burden factor "Interpersonal Relations". Caregivers with higher education understand their health better than other caregivers. Caregivers affiliated with the institution for more than eight years have lower levels of “Work-Related Burnout” and “Client-related Burnout” as well as with Burden "Interpersonal Relations".
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde, Núcleo de Psicologia da Saúde e da Doença), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2015
Palavras-chave
Cuidadores formais Qualidade de vida Estratégias de coping Burnout Semiologia (Medicina)