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Análise do risco de lesão músculo-esquelética na movimentação de vítimas por Técnicos de Emergência Pré-Hospitalar que operam em ambulâncias de emergência médica
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Os Técnicos de Emergência Pré-Hospitalar estão expostos a diversos fatores de risco
ocupacionais e a conjunturas de realização da atividade exigentes, sendo frequentemente
obrigados a atuar sob condições de pressão temporal e emocional, tornando esta profissão
altamente desgastante. Este estudo foca-se na análise do risco de lesão músculo-esquelética
na movimentação de vítimas por estes técnicos.
A metodologia dividiu-se em duas partes: Um questionário, respondido por 51 técnicos que
incluiu fatores sociodemográficos, hábitos e estilos de vida, determinantes da atividade, a
versão média portuguesa do COPSOQ II, e uma versão portuguesa adaptada do Questionário
Nórdico de Sintomatologia Músculo-Esquelética Auto-Referida; observações sistemáticas de
340 posturas em 20 técnicos e aplicação do método REBA a quatro tarefas (elevação da maca,
descida da maca, colocação da cadeira na ambulância e transporte em escadas com cadeira).
Os resultados do questionário revelaram que a prevalência de sintomatologia músculoesquelética
foi mais elevada na região lombar, dorsal e ombros. Foram identificadas
diferenças significativas, em pelo menos um segmento, em 19 das 32 escalas do COPSOQ II.
Essas diferenças foram encontradas principalmente nos ombros, cervical e dorsal, revelando
uma associação entre os sintomas músculo-esqueléticos e os fatores de risco psicossociais.
Nos resultados do REBA, todas as tarefas tiveram um risco médio; a tarefa de transporte em
escadas com cadeira-baixo, obteve o resultado mais crítico, com 43.6% das posturas
analisadas a apresentar risco elevado.
A Ergonomia pode ter um contributo decisivo neste contexto, não só através da prevenção
dos riscos ocupacionais, principalmente do foro músculo-esquelético, mas também
garantindo maior conforto e satisfação dos TEPH, como contributo para a produtividade.
Emergency Medical Technicians are exposed to a large diversity of situations and have constantly to adapt their actions to the circumstances that they face, making this profession highly demanding in several aspects. This cross-sectional study focuses on the analysis of the risk of musculoskeletal disorders in patient handling tasks. The study encompassed two phases: The first, based on a questionnaire, answered by 51 professionals, that comprised socio-demographic characteristics, variables related with lifestyle, sleep and activity, the Portuguese medium version of COPSOQ II and the Portuguese adapted version of standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire; and the second, systematic observations of 340 postures, among 20 technicians, with subsequent application of the REBA method to four tasks (lifting the stretcher, descending the stretcher, placement of the chair in the ambulance and transport of the chair on stairs). The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was higher in the lower back, upper back and shoulders. Statistically significant differences were identified in at least one segment, in 19 of the 32 COPSOQ II scales. These differences were found mainly in shoulders, neck and upper back, revealing, in these cases, an association between musculoskeletal symptoms and psychosocial risk factors. According to the REBA results, all tasks had a medium risk associated; the task of transportation of the chair on stairs, in the low position, obtained the most critical result, with 43.6% of the analyzed postures presenting a high risk. Ergonomics can have a decisive contribution in this context not only through the prevention of occupational risks but also ensuring greater comfort and satisfaction of the EMT’s, without neglecting their productivity.
Emergency Medical Technicians are exposed to a large diversity of situations and have constantly to adapt their actions to the circumstances that they face, making this profession highly demanding in several aspects. This cross-sectional study focuses on the analysis of the risk of musculoskeletal disorders in patient handling tasks. The study encompassed two phases: The first, based on a questionnaire, answered by 51 professionals, that comprised socio-demographic characteristics, variables related with lifestyle, sleep and activity, the Portuguese medium version of COPSOQ II and the Portuguese adapted version of standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire; and the second, systematic observations of 340 postures, among 20 technicians, with subsequent application of the REBA method to four tasks (lifting the stretcher, descending the stretcher, placement of the chair in the ambulance and transport of the chair on stairs). The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was higher in the lower back, upper back and shoulders. Statistically significant differences were identified in at least one segment, in 19 of the 32 COPSOQ II scales. These differences were found mainly in shoulders, neck and upper back, revealing, in these cases, an association between musculoskeletal symptoms and psychosocial risk factors. According to the REBA results, all tasks had a medium risk associated; the task of transportation of the chair on stairs, in the low position, obtained the most critical result, with 43.6% of the analyzed postures presenting a high risk. Ergonomics can have a decisive contribution in this context not only through the prevention of occupational risks but also ensuring greater comfort and satisfaction of the EMT’s, without neglecting their productivity.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Técnico de Emergência Pré-Hospitalar Nível de Risco LME REBA Sintomatologia Músculo-Esquelética Questionário Nórdico Músculo-Esquelético Fatores de Risco Psicossociais COPSOQ II Movimentação de Vítimas Ambulância de Emergência Médica Ergonomia Emergency Medical Technician Level of MSD Risk REBA Musculoskeletal Symptoms Nordic Questionnaire Psychosocial Risk Factors Patient Handling Emergency Ambulance Ergonomics