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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
sector da distribuição tem estado, desde a década de 1990, associado à criação de
emprego em Portugal e, por sua vez, à expansão de formas flexíveis de tempos de
trabalho e de vínculos contratuais. Alem disso, a organização do trabalho difere
significativamente daquela que prevaleceu no comércio tradicional, aproximando-se de
um modelo organizacional que se pode designar de neo-taylorista. O presente trabalho
pretende analisar quais as implicações destas mudanças nas condições de trabalho.
Conclui-se, a partir da análise de dados recolhidos através de um inquérito por
questionário aplicado a trabalhadores de duas empresas do sector, bem como do
conteúdo de entrevistas, que o sector da distribuição emprega sobretudo força de
trabalho feminina e jovem. Esta encontra-se particularmente abrangida por elevados
níveis de precariedade emprego, baixas remunerações, trabalho sequencial, rotineiro, de
pobre conteúdo e intensivo, fracas oportunidades de qualificação técnica e de
progressão profissional.
Na tentativa de responder às exigências dos consumidores, mas também de aumentar os
períodos de venda (facturação) e a competitividade, os hipermercados têm vindo a
estender os períodos de abertura e a apostar na flexibilidade de tempo de trabalho.
Verifíca-se, porém, que esta prática gera dificuldades na articulação com os restantes
tempos da vida dos trabalhadores, designadamente na gestão e organização da vida
familiar. Este facto assume particular relevo entre as trabalhadoras que exercem a
função de operadoras de caixa, quer porque se trata da profissão mais abrangida pela
flexibilidade de horários, quer porque as representações sociais tradicionais em tomo
das relações de género se reflectem ainda numa divisão do trabalho doméstico e familiar
assimétrica.
Since the 90's, lhe large groccry retail has bcen associated with job creation in Portugal, as well as with the expansion of flexible forms of employment and ílexible working time schedules. Additionally, the work organization in hypermarkets differs significantly from the one that prevailed in traditional retail and has become closer to the neo-taylorist organizational model. The present study intends to analyse the implications of such trends on the working conditions in hypermarkets. The main conclusions and arguments are based on data collected through a questionnaire applied to workers at two companies, as well as on the content analysis of interviews. The sector mainly employs female and young workers, and both groups are specifícally affected by precarious jobs, low wages, sequential, routine and poor content tasks, few opportunities for improving skills, as well as low expectations in what concems occupational development. In order to meet consumers' demands, extending opening hours and increase their competitiveness, hypermarkets have made use of flexible working time schedules. Such practice, however, usually causes difficulties in the articulation with worker's personal lives, namely conflicting with the management and organization of family life. This fact is particularly noticeable among those female workers who are cash-desk operators, not only because this is the occupation most affected by flexible schedules, but also due to traditional social representations underlying gender relations and the asymmetrical division of domestic and caring work within the family.
Since the 90's, lhe large groccry retail has bcen associated with job creation in Portugal, as well as with the expansion of flexible forms of employment and ílexible working time schedules. Additionally, the work organization in hypermarkets differs significantly from the one that prevailed in traditional retail and has become closer to the neo-taylorist organizational model. The present study intends to analyse the implications of such trends on the working conditions in hypermarkets. The main conclusions and arguments are based on data collected through a questionnaire applied to workers at two companies, as well as on the content analysis of interviews. The sector mainly employs female and young workers, and both groups are specifícally affected by precarious jobs, low wages, sequential, routine and poor content tasks, few opportunities for improving skills, as well as low expectations in what concems occupational development. In order to meet consumers' demands, extending opening hours and increase their competitiveness, hypermarkets have made use of flexible working time schedules. Such practice, however, usually causes difficulties in the articulation with worker's personal lives, namely conflicting with the management and organization of family life. This fact is particularly noticeable among those female workers who are cash-desk operators, not only because this is the occupation most affected by flexible schedules, but also due to traditional social representations underlying gender relations and the asymmetrical division of domestic and caring work within the family.
Description
Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão
Keywords
Condições de trabalho Flexibilidade de emprego Horários flexíveis Grande distribuição Precariedade de trabalho Working conditions Precarious employment Flexible working time schedules Large grocery retail
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Carvalho, Dora Maria Fonseca Castelo Dias de (2007)." As condições de trabalho e emprego no sector da distribuição". Disseração de Mestrado, Universidade de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão.