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Publication
O crime de incitamento ou ajuda ao suicídio
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação representa uma humilde contribuição para o debater de um tópico pouco abordado na doutrina e jurisprudência portuguesa: o crime de incitamento ou ajuda ao suicídio. O artigo 135º do CP é pouco aplicado e discutido nos tribunais, contudo é importante ir realizando estudos sobre o preceito, para que o mesmo não acabe banalizado. Iniciamos a nossa investigação com uma abordagem sobre a possibilidade de renúncia do direito à vida. É certo que o livre desenvolvimento da personalidade de cada um de nós deve ser respeitado, contudo afigura-se relevante discutir os casos em que o direito à vida é lesado pelo próprio titular, logo renunciado por este, mas sob incitamento ou ajuda de um terceiro. De seguida passamos a uma análise das condutas previstas pelo artigo 135º - incitamento e ajuda – mergulhando sobre a questão de saber se os dois comportamentos podem ser considerados semelhantes ou se, por outro lado, deveriam encontrar na legislação um lugar específico. Ponderamos, ainda, a integração da conduta omissiva no contexto deste crime, quando se revele, por parte de terceiro, uma postura de ação negativa ao presenciar ou conhecer uma situação de suicídio. Para terminar o Capítulo I, trabalhamos sob a questão do número 2 do artigo 135º do CP, que prevê um aumento da pena nos casos em que este crime é cometido em relação a um menor. O Capítulo II visa confrontar o âmbito de aplicação do crime de incitamento ou ajuda ao suicídio com o crime de homicídio por autoria mediata, homicídio a pedido da vítima e a eutanásia, condutas que podem mostrar-se semelhantes, mas com elementos típicos e critérios de aplicação muito distintos. Em relação ao Capítulo III, o mesmo tem por objetivo analisar a tarefa da internet na propagação do crime discutido, pois cada vez mais
se mostra fácil lesar direitos por via da internet, sobretudo entre crianças e jovens. Por fim, através do capítulo IV, realizamos uma breve observação de cenários jurisprudenciais, no âmbito deste crime, através da exploração dos casos de Michelle Carter, Gisela, Molly Russel e, entre nós, um acórdão do STJ.
This dissertation represents a humble contribution to the debate about a topic that is not very discussed in Portuguese doctrine and jurisprudence: the crime of inciting or assisting suicide. Article 135 of the Penal Code is usually not applied or discussed in the courts, however it is important to continue the studies about it, so that it does not end up trivialized. We begin our investigation with an approach to the possibility of renouncing the right to life. It is true that the free development of the personality of each one of us must be respected, however, it seems relevant to discuss the cases in which the right to life is harmed by its holder himself, therefore renounced by him, but under the incitement or assistance of a third individual. We then move on to an analysis of the conducts provided by article 135 - incitement and assistance - diving into the question of whether the two behaviors can be considered similar or, on the other hand, if they should find a specific place in legislation. We also consider the integration of an omissive conduct, in the panorama of this crime, when someone reveals a negative behavior when witnessing or knowing about a suicide situation. To end chapter I, we intend to work on the issue of number 2 of article 135 of the Penal Code, which allows the penalty to be increased in cases when the crime of incitement or assistance to suicide is in relation to a minor. Chapter II aims to compare the scope of application of the crime of incitement or assistance to suicide with the crime of homicide by mediate authorship, homicide at the request of the victim and euthanasia, conducts that can seem similar, but with very different typical elements and application criteria. In relation to chapter III, it intends to analyze the role of the internet in propagating this crime, as it is increasingly becoming considerably easy to commit it via internet, especially among children and teenagers. Finally, through chapter IV, we consolidate this work with a brief observation of jurisprudential scenarios within the scope of this crime, through the exploration of the cases of Michelle Carter, Gisela, Molly Russel and a Portuguese Supreme Court of Justice decision.
This dissertation represents a humble contribution to the debate about a topic that is not very discussed in Portuguese doctrine and jurisprudence: the crime of inciting or assisting suicide. Article 135 of the Penal Code is usually not applied or discussed in the courts, however it is important to continue the studies about it, so that it does not end up trivialized. We begin our investigation with an approach to the possibility of renouncing the right to life. It is true that the free development of the personality of each one of us must be respected, however, it seems relevant to discuss the cases in which the right to life is harmed by its holder himself, therefore renounced by him, but under the incitement or assistance of a third individual. We then move on to an analysis of the conducts provided by article 135 - incitement and assistance - diving into the question of whether the two behaviors can be considered similar or, on the other hand, if they should find a specific place in legislation. We also consider the integration of an omissive conduct, in the panorama of this crime, when someone reveals a negative behavior when witnessing or knowing about a suicide situation. To end chapter I, we intend to work on the issue of number 2 of article 135 of the Penal Code, which allows the penalty to be increased in cases when the crime of incitement or assistance to suicide is in relation to a minor. Chapter II aims to compare the scope of application of the crime of incitement or assistance to suicide with the crime of homicide by mediate authorship, homicide at the request of the victim and euthanasia, conducts that can seem similar, but with very different typical elements and application criteria. In relation to chapter III, it intends to analyze the role of the internet in propagating this crime, as it is increasingly becoming considerably easy to commit it via internet, especially among children and teenagers. Finally, through chapter IV, we consolidate this work with a brief observation of jurisprudential scenarios within the scope of this crime, through the exploration of the cases of Michelle Carter, Gisela, Molly Russel and a Portuguese Supreme Court of Justice decision.
Description
Keywords
Direito penal Suicídio Homicídio Crimes contra a vida Omissão de auxílio Cibercrime Teses de mestrado - 2024 Criminal law Suicide Murder Crimes against life Omission of aid Cybercrime