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Capacidade de trabalho em função do tipo de horário no Sector das Águas, Saneamento e Resíduos no Município de Sintra
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O desenvolvimento das cidades com crescente produção de resíduos e aumento da utilização dos sistemas de águas e saneamento tem pressionado os setores da água, saneamento e resíduos geridos pelos municípios em Portugal. Os municípios têm trabalhadores operacionais dedicados à recolha regular de resíduos e à manutenção dos sistemas de água e saneamento, que realizam tarefas muito exigentes fisicamente, apesar da progressiva mecanização do setor. Estes serviços implicam uma atividade laboral 24 horas por dia, com a existência de horários com turnos e trabalho noturno. Adicionalmente, a administração pública portuguesa apresenta uma população envelhecida com implicações para a capacidade de trabalho e desempenho destes trabalhadores.
A capacidade para o trabalho é fundamental para o prolongamento da vida ativa e pode ser afetada por fatores como a condição de saúde, as características sociodemográficas, os hábitos e estilo de vida, o ambiente, a organização de trabalho e os fatores relacionados com a atividade de trabalho. Nesta perspetiva a utilização do Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho (ICT) permite evidenciar as dificuldades dos trabalhadores na realização das suas atividades em função dos seus recursos e definir estratégias de otimização da interação dos trabalhadores com os sistemas de trabalho, numa perspetiva de manutenção da capacidade de trabalho, enquadrada nos objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável da Organização das Nações Unidas. Assim, este estudo teve como principal objetivo compreender a variação da capacidade de trabalho em função do tipo de horário no sector das águas, saneamento e resíduos dos trabalhadores operacionais do município de Sintra, ao longo de dois anos para a sensibilização dos trabalhadores e gestores acerca da problemática do trabalho por turnos e da sua influência na capacidade para o trabalho dos trabalhadores operacionais.
O estudo observacional, analítico e prospetivo teve como variável dependente a capacidade de trabalho e baseou-se na aplicação de um questionário que integrou o Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho, a versão média Portuguesa do Questionário Psicossocial de Copenhaga II, o questionário nórdico adaptado e questões sócio-demográficas. A amostra integrou 300 trabalhadores do sexo masculino em 2017 e em 2019, e depois foi estratificada em função do tipo de horário.
Destacam-se os principais resultados em que se evidenciaram: uma amostra envelhecida em todos os turnos; nos modelos de regressão linear múltipla para a variável dependente capacidade de trabalho surgiram três variáveis como preditores em ambos os anos, o acidente de trabalho, o tipo de turno e as perturbações do sono; também as exigências do trabalho, nomeadamente as físicas são determinantes relevantes. No modelo de regressão linear múltipla para a variação da capacidade de trabalho identificaram-se como principais preditores o ICT em 2017, a percepção de saúde em 2017, o burnout em 2017, a presença de acidente de trabalho nos últimos dois anos identificada em 2019 e o conflito de papéis laborais em 2019. Deste conjunto de preditores destaca-se a relevância da percepção de saúde e burnout no primeiro momento de recolha de dados, pois a evolução da capacidade de trabalho é muito influenciada pelas variáveis de saúde num momento inicial. A capacidade de trabalho num momento inicial também é uma variável muito relevante pois, maioritariamente nos grupos mais velhos, as trajetórias tendem a ser estáveis, quer sejam favoráveis ou desfavoráveis.
Este estudo contribuiu para um melhor conhecimento e compreensão da variação na percepção das exigências da atividade de trabalho em função do tipo de horário e dos determinantes da variação da capacidade de trabalho dos trabalhadores do sector das águas, saneamento e resíduos do município de Sintra ao longo de dois anos, o que permitirá a definição futura de estratégias de promoção da capacidade de trabalho mais ajustadas às necessidades destes trabalhadores.
The development of cities with increasing waste production and increased use of water and sanitation systems has pressured on the water, sanitation and waste sectors managed by municipalities in Portugal. Municipalities have operational workers dedicated to the regular collection of waste and maintenance of water and sanitation systems, in which they perform highly physically demanding tasks, despite the mechanization of some of them. These services imply a 24-hour work activity, with the existence of shift schedules and night work. On the other hand, the Portuguese public administration has an aging population with implications for the work ability and performance of these workers. Work ability is the basis for prolonging active life and can be affected by factors such as health condition, sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, environment and work-related factors. The use of the Work Ability Index (WAI) makes it possible to highlight the difficulties of workers in carrying out their activities depending on their resources and to define strategies for optimizing the interaction of workers with work systems from a perspective of maintaining capacity of work, framed in the objectives of sustainable development of the United Nations. Thus, this study had as its main objective to understand the variation in work ability as a function of the type of shift at the water, sanitation and waste sector, of operational workers in the municipality of Sintra, over two years, in order to contribute for the development of a Work Ability Promotion program and for raising the awareness of workers and managers about shift work and its influence on the work ability of operational workers. The observational, analytical and prospective study had work ability as the dependent variable and was based on the application of a questionnaire that included the Work Ability Index, the Middle Portuguese version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II, the Nordic questionnaire adapted, and socio-demographic variables. The sample included 300 male workers in 2017 and 2019, then stratified according to the type of schedule. The main results are highlighted: an aged sample in all shifts; in the multiple linear regression models for the dependent variable work ability, three variables emerged as predictors in both years, the accident at work, the type of shift and sleep disturbances; the work demands showed also as relevant determinants. In the multiple linear regression model for the variation in work ability, the predictors were the WAI in 2017, the perception of health in 2017, burnout in 2017, the presence of an accident at work in the last two years identified in 2019 and the conflict of work roles in 2019. From this set of predictors, the relevance of the perception of health and burnout in the first moment of data collection stands out, since the evolution of work ability is greatly influenced by the variables of health at an early stage. The ability to work at an early stage is also a very relevant variable since, mostly in older groups, trajectories tend to be stable, whether they are favourable or unfavourable. This study contributed to a better understanding of the variation in the perception of work ability demands depending on the type of shift and the determinants of the variation in the work ability of workers the water, sanitation and waste sector from Sintra over two years, which will allow the future definition strategies to promote work ability that are more adequate to the needs of these workers.
The development of cities with increasing waste production and increased use of water and sanitation systems has pressured on the water, sanitation and waste sectors managed by municipalities in Portugal. Municipalities have operational workers dedicated to the regular collection of waste and maintenance of water and sanitation systems, in which they perform highly physically demanding tasks, despite the mechanization of some of them. These services imply a 24-hour work activity, with the existence of shift schedules and night work. On the other hand, the Portuguese public administration has an aging population with implications for the work ability and performance of these workers. Work ability is the basis for prolonging active life and can be affected by factors such as health condition, sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, environment and work-related factors. The use of the Work Ability Index (WAI) makes it possible to highlight the difficulties of workers in carrying out their activities depending on their resources and to define strategies for optimizing the interaction of workers with work systems from a perspective of maintaining capacity of work, framed in the objectives of sustainable development of the United Nations. Thus, this study had as its main objective to understand the variation in work ability as a function of the type of shift at the water, sanitation and waste sector, of operational workers in the municipality of Sintra, over two years, in order to contribute for the development of a Work Ability Promotion program and for raising the awareness of workers and managers about shift work and its influence on the work ability of operational workers. The observational, analytical and prospective study had work ability as the dependent variable and was based on the application of a questionnaire that included the Work Ability Index, the Middle Portuguese version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II, the Nordic questionnaire adapted, and socio-demographic variables. The sample included 300 male workers in 2017 and 2019, then stratified according to the type of schedule. The main results are highlighted: an aged sample in all shifts; in the multiple linear regression models for the dependent variable work ability, three variables emerged as predictors in both years, the accident at work, the type of shift and sleep disturbances; the work demands showed also as relevant determinants. In the multiple linear regression model for the variation in work ability, the predictors were the WAI in 2017, the perception of health in 2017, burnout in 2017, the presence of an accident at work in the last two years identified in 2019 and the conflict of work roles in 2019. From this set of predictors, the relevance of the perception of health and burnout in the first moment of data collection stands out, since the evolution of work ability is greatly influenced by the variables of health at an early stage. The ability to work at an early stage is also a very relevant variable since, mostly in older groups, trajectories tend to be stable, whether they are favourable or unfavourable. This study contributed to a better understanding of the variation in the perception of work ability demands depending on the type of shift and the determinants of the variation in the work ability of workers the water, sanitation and waste sector from Sintra over two years, which will allow the future definition strategies to promote work ability that are more adequate to the needs of these workers.
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Palavras-chave
Capacidade de Trabalho Horários e Turnos de Trabalho Fatores Psicossociais Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho Setor das Águas Saneamento e Resíduos Work Ability Schedules and Work Shifts Psychosocial Factors Work Ability Index Water Sanitation and Waste Sector