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Avaliação do potencial fertilizante de efluentes pecuários na aboborinha cultivada em solos de diferentes texturas
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A produção de produtos hortícolas leva a extrações de nutrientes do solo bastante elevadas, existindo a necessidade de fornecimento por parte dos agricultores através de fertilizantes de síntese. Por outro lado, os efluentes pecuários apresentam concentrações consideráveis de nutrientes, que ao invés de constituírem um problema ambiental, podem ser utilizados como matérias fertilizantes. Os chorumes por vezes apresentam contaminações de organismos patogénicos, tornando necessária a sua higienização para que seja seguro aplicá-los em cobertura nas culturas agrícolas cujos produtos se consumam em fresco. Desta forma, o principal objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito dos tratamentos de higienização através da alteração do pH do chorume na disponibilização de nutrientes por aplicação de cobertura às culturas hortícolas – caso de estudo da aboborinha. Foi também avaliado o efeito dos tratamentos de higienização na evolução da atividade microbiológica do solo através da atividade da desidrogenase (AE) e o efeito da textura de solo na disponibilização de nutrientes pelas 6 estratégias de fertilização aqui consideradas: controlo (CT), a aplicação de fertilizante Mineral (MN), a aplicação de chorume sem qualquer tipo de tratamento (RA) e a aplicação de chorume animal higienizado através do processo de: 1) acidificação (AC), 2) alcalinização (AL) e 3) da neutralização (NE). Do ensaio instalado concluiu-se que a alteração do pH dos chorumes altera a disponibilidade de nutrientes existentes no chorume, nomeadamente do azoto. Das estratégias que utilizam chorumes, a modalidade RA foi a que proporcionou maior produção de aboborinha. De todas as estratégias definidas, MN foi a que apresentou maiores produtividades. A composição química das plantas mostra-se abaixo dos valores considerados de referência para as estratégias em que foram aplicados chorumes. As modalidades tratadas com chorumes são as que apresentam maiores expressões de AE, embora exista em todas uma resposta evidente às temperaturas médias do ar. A utilização de chorumes higienizados deve ser integrada nas estratégias de fertilização. No entanto, a aplicação destes materiais deve ser conjugada com outras estratégias de fertilização, para que o fornecimento de nutrientes seja adequado às necessidades das culturas.
Vegetable production leads to very high nutrient extractions from the soil, and there is a need for farmers to supply synthetic fertilisers. On the other hand, livestock effluents have considerable concentrations of nutrients, which instead of constituting an environmental problem, can assign them as fertilisers. Slurries sometimes have contamination of pathogenic organisms, making it necessary to sanitise them so that it is safe to apply them as a cover to agricultural crops whose products are consumed fresh. Thus, the main objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of hygiene treatments through the alteration of the pH of the slurry on the availability of nutrients by top dressing application on horticultural crops – case study of zucchini. The effect of hygiene treatments on the evolution of soil microbiological activity through dehydrogenase activity (AE) and the effect of soil texture on nutrient availability were evaluated by the 6 fertilization strategies considered here: control (TC), application of mineral fertilizer (MN), application of slurry without any type of treatment (RA) and application of sanitized animal slurry through the process of: 1) acidification (AC), 2) alkalinization (AL) and 3) neutralization (NE). From the installed test it was concluded that changes in the pH of the slurries alter the availability of nutrients in the slurry, namely nitrogen. Of the strategies that use slurry, RA was the one that provided the highest production of zucchini. Of all the strategies defined, MN was the one with the highest yields. The chemical composition of the plants is below the reference values for the strategies in which slurries were applied. The modalities treated with slurry are the ones that present the highest expressions of AE, although there is an evident response to average air temperatures in all of them. The use of sanitized slurries should be integrated into fertilization strategies. However, the application of these materials must be combined with other fertilization strategies, so that the supply of nutrients is adequate to the needs of the crops.
Vegetable production leads to very high nutrient extractions from the soil, and there is a need for farmers to supply synthetic fertilisers. On the other hand, livestock effluents have considerable concentrations of nutrients, which instead of constituting an environmental problem, can assign them as fertilisers. Slurries sometimes have contamination of pathogenic organisms, making it necessary to sanitise them so that it is safe to apply them as a cover to agricultural crops whose products are consumed fresh. Thus, the main objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of hygiene treatments through the alteration of the pH of the slurry on the availability of nutrients by top dressing application on horticultural crops – case study of zucchini. The effect of hygiene treatments on the evolution of soil microbiological activity through dehydrogenase activity (AE) and the effect of soil texture on nutrient availability were evaluated by the 6 fertilization strategies considered here: control (TC), application of mineral fertilizer (MN), application of slurry without any type of treatment (RA) and application of sanitized animal slurry through the process of: 1) acidification (AC), 2) alkalinization (AL) and 3) neutralization (NE). From the installed test it was concluded that changes in the pH of the slurries alter the availability of nutrients in the slurry, namely nitrogen. Of the strategies that use slurry, RA was the one that provided the highest production of zucchini. Of all the strategies defined, MN was the one with the highest yields. The chemical composition of the plants is below the reference values for the strategies in which slurries were applied. The modalities treated with slurry are the ones that present the highest expressions of AE, although there is an evident response to average air temperatures in all of them. The use of sanitized slurries should be integrated into fertilization strategies. However, the application of these materials must be combined with other fertilization strategies, so that the supply of nutrients is adequate to the needs of the crops.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado, Engenharia Agronómica, 2025, Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto Superior de Agronomia.
Palavras-chave
chorume de suíno higienização nutrientes no solo microbiologia horticultura pig slurry sanitation soil nutrients microbiology horticulture