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Educação para a liberdade a partir dos contributos de Steiner e de Beuys : a prática da educação artística com crianças de pré-escolar
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This dissertation has as its main theme the education for freedom. We propose to identify the origins and pedagogical practices of Rudolf Steiner and Joseph Beuys, highlighting, from these two proposals, the importance of the aesthetic education of the individual from early childhood. We begin by questioning the need to educate and how we do it. From Steiner's thought, we seek to find answers in the work Philosophy of Freedom, in particular, to which are the conditions of an education for freedom. We identified two fundamental factors: the figure of the teacher and the pedagogical practices of the educational institution. We conclude that the possibility of an educational practice for freedom depends mainly on the attitude of the pedagogue towards life. In turn, the most appropriate attitude stems from the maturity and self-knowledge of the pedagogue. For Steiner, the path to self-knowledge is through "science of the spirit" (Anthroposophy). It recognizes the immaterial (spiritual) world as a reality intrinsic to the human being, which implies a reassessment of the place and purpose of the individual in the Cosmos. This new consciousness of the human being and society – as a threefold organism, conceived by Steiner, served as a stimulus to Joseph Beuys for the formulation of his “extended concept of art”, of “social sculpture” and of “threefold society”. We highlight the original reflection of these authors on the concept of art and on its value for education and life. In a more practical aspect, this dissertation also presents a proposal for the revitalization of educational practices in early childhood according to the proposals of Steiner and Beuys. The objective is to make a valid contribution to the harmonious development of the capacities of being: thinking, intuiting, imagining and creating, to project, in freedom, the identity of the individual, that is, for his self-realization.
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Educação Liberdade Práticas alternativas Reformas pedagógicas Professor-artista Arte - Filosofia Sociologia da arte Educação artística