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O modelo atual do federalismo brasileiro em relação ao seu desenho constitucional
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Trata-se de estudo acerca do modelo de Estado Federal adotado pelo Brasil, seu processo de formação, influências e sua configuração constitucional. A pesquisa adota a interdisciplinaridade, buscando uma análise histórico-sociológica, econômica e jurídica do fenômeno em análise. Busca apresentar uma Teoria Geral do Federalismo, demonstrando as principais teorias jurídicas acerca do Estado Federal, os seus principais elementos caracterizadores e a problemática em torno da sua definição. Bem como, apresentar as características básicas desse modelo de Estado, dissertando sobre a natureza do Estado Federal, algumas espécies e formas de Federalismo e algumas razões pelas quais os Estados adotam a forma Federal. Analisa a história constitucional do Brasil, dissecando cada uma de suas Constituições, anteriores à promulgada em 1988, principalmente as republicanas, no intuito de extrair, tentar compreender e apresentar o modelo federativo e suas principais características em cada tempo e em cada texto constitucional, sempre traçando um paralelo com os períodos históricos, políticos, sociais e econômicos do país, visando tentar compreender o próprio país e sua dinâmica. Disseca a Constituição Federal de 1988 e o modelo atual do Federalismo brasileiro por ela introduzido, partindo do processo histórico e político de redemocratização do país - após os “anos de chumbo” da Ditadura Militar - e da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte, para analisar o Estado Federal brasileiro e demonstrar a estrutura da Federação e seus entes: a União, os Estados-membros e os Municípios, apresentando a natureza de cada um deles, a sua personalidade jurídica, os contornos de sua autonomia, os seus bens e as suas competências, atribuídos constitucionalmente, com destaque para a figura dos Municípios, um dos aspectos peculiares da Federação brasileira. Além do modelo fiscal adotado, notadamente pela repartição das receitas tributárias e as transferências fiscais da União. Por fim, apresentam-se algumas peculiaridades do Estado Federal brasileiro, com enfoque nos aspectos históricos e constitucionais do combate às desigualdades regionais, um dos “objetivos fundamentais da República”, estabelecidos no artigo 3º da Constituição, e as tentativas no campo econômico e administrativo de minorar os efeitos dos desequilíbrios regionais, marca peculiar do país.
It is a study about the model of Federal State adopted by Brazil, its formation process, influences and constitutional frame. The research adopts interdisciplinarity, seeking a historical-sociological, economic and legal analysis of the phenomenon under analysis. It seeks to present a Federalism General Theory, showing the main legal theories, characterizing elements and the problematic around the Federal State, as well as, to present the basic characteristics of this model of State, discussing the nature of the Federal State, some types and forms of Federalism and some reasons why the States adopt the Federal model. It analyzes the constitutional history of Brazil, dissecting each one of its Constitutions, previous to that enacted in 1988, mainly the Republican ones, in order to extract, understand and present the federal model and its main characteristics in each time and in each constitutional text, always drawing a parallel with the historical, political, social and economic periods of the country, in an attempt to understand the country itself and its dynamics. It dissects the 1988 Federal Constitution and the current model of Brazilian Federalism that it has been introduced, starting from the historical and political process of redemocratization of the country - after the "lead years" of the Military Dictatorship - and of the National Constituent Assembly to analyze the Federal State and demonstrate the structure of the Federation and its entities: the Union, the Member States and the Municipalities, presenting the nature of each one, their legal personality, the contours of their autonomy, their assets and competences, with emphasis on the figure of the Municipalities, one of the peculiar aspects of the Brazilian Federation, besides the fiscal model adopted, notably by the distribution of tax revenue and the fiscal transfers of the Union. Finally, it shows some peculiarities of the Brazilian Federal State, focusing on the historical and constitutional aspects of the fight against regional inequalities, one of the "Republic main goals" established in article 3 of the Constitution, and the attempts in the economic and administrative field to reduce the effects of regional instability, a peculiar mark of the country.
It is a study about the model of Federal State adopted by Brazil, its formation process, influences and constitutional frame. The research adopts interdisciplinarity, seeking a historical-sociological, economic and legal analysis of the phenomenon under analysis. It seeks to present a Federalism General Theory, showing the main legal theories, characterizing elements and the problematic around the Federal State, as well as, to present the basic characteristics of this model of State, discussing the nature of the Federal State, some types and forms of Federalism and some reasons why the States adopt the Federal model. It analyzes the constitutional history of Brazil, dissecting each one of its Constitutions, previous to that enacted in 1988, mainly the Republican ones, in order to extract, understand and present the federal model and its main characteristics in each time and in each constitutional text, always drawing a parallel with the historical, political, social and economic periods of the country, in an attempt to understand the country itself and its dynamics. It dissects the 1988 Federal Constitution and the current model of Brazilian Federalism that it has been introduced, starting from the historical and political process of redemocratization of the country - after the "lead years" of the Military Dictatorship - and of the National Constituent Assembly to analyze the Federal State and demonstrate the structure of the Federation and its entities: the Union, the Member States and the Municipalities, presenting the nature of each one, their legal personality, the contours of their autonomy, their assets and competences, with emphasis on the figure of the Municipalities, one of the peculiar aspects of the Brazilian Federation, besides the fiscal model adopted, notably by the distribution of tax revenue and the fiscal transfers of the Union. Finally, it shows some peculiarities of the Brazilian Federal State, focusing on the historical and constitutional aspects of the fight against regional inequalities, one of the "Republic main goals" established in article 3 of the Constitution, and the attempts in the economic and administrative field to reduce the effects of regional instability, a peculiar mark of the country.
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Federalismo Estado Federal Constituição Políticas públicas Federalism Federal State Constitution Public policy