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O impacto da pandemia COVID-19 na sintomatologia das perturbações do comportamento alimentar : uma revisão sistemática
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Introdução A pandemia COVID-19 e as restrições impostas para a conter foram desde cedo associadas a um impacto na saúde mental. A vulnerabilidade da população com perturbações do comportamento alimentar aumenta o risco de deterioração clínica e psicopatológica perante este evento sem precedentes. Objetivos Com esta revisão sistemática pretende-se avaliar as alterações verificadas durante a pandemia na sintomatologia de indivíduos com diagnóstico de perturbações do comportamento alimentar. Adicionalmente, tem-se como objetivo secundário explorar fatores moduladores destas alterações, como a idade e o diagnóstico específico. Metodologia Foi realizada uma pesquisa da literatura nas bases de dados Pubmed, Scopus e Web of Science. Como critérios de elegibilidade, os artigos deveriam estar em português ou inglês, a população em estudo teria diagnóstico formal de uma perturbação do comportamento alimentar e o estudo avaliaria a sintomatologia do comportamento alimentar, comparando-a com o período pré-pandémico. Os estudos foram posteriormente avaliados quanto à sua qualidade e risco de viés utilizando a checklist para estudos transversais do Johanna Briggs Institute. Resultados Foram incluídos onze estudos, englobando participantes com diagnósticos de anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, other specified feeding and eating disorder e avoidant-restrictive food intake disorder. Apesar de haver discrepâncias nos resultados obtidos, verificou-se uma geral deterioração da sintomatologia do comportamento alimentar e psicopatologia geral durante a pandemia.Conclusão Como limitações desta revisão sistemática apontam-se os estudos incluídos terem sido de participação voluntária, com participantes em diversas fases do processo terapêutico, conduzidos em diferentes alturas da pandemia e não incluindo minorias ou pessoas que possam ter experienciado a pandemia de forma diferente. Não obstante, este trabalho esclarece o impacto heterogéneo da pandemia COVID-19 nas perturbações do comportamento alimentar. Serão importantes estudos futuros nesta temática, para avaliar consequências a longo-prazo e estabelecer relações mais robustas entre os fatores que contribuem para a deterioração psicopatológica destes doentes.
Background The COVID-19 pandemic and the public restrictions imposed to contain it were associated with an impact in mental health since early times. The vulnerability of the population with eating disorders increases the risk of clinical and psychopathological deterioration in the face of this unprecedented event. Objective This systematic review aims to evaluate the changes observed in the symptomatology of individuals diagnosed with eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, a secondary objective is to explore modulating factors of these changes, such as age and specific diagnosis. Methods A literature search was conducted on the Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Eligibility criteria included articles in Portuguese or English, studying a population formally diagnosed with an eating disorder and analysing changes in eating disorder symptoms compared to the pre-pandemic period. The studies were subsequently evaluated for quality and risk of bias using the Johanna Briggs Institute checklist for cross-sectional studies. Results Eleven studies were included, involving participants with diagnoses of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, other specified feeding and eating disorder and avoidant-restrictive food intake disorder. Despite discrepancies in the results obtained, there was a general deterioration in eating behavior symptomatology and overall psychopathology during the pandemic. Conclusions Limitations of this systematic review include the voluntary participation of the included studies' participants, their varying stages of treatment, studies conducted at different times during the pandemic, and not including minorities or individuals who may have experienced the pandemic differently. Nevertheless, this review clarifies the heterogeneous impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating disorders. Future studies in this field will be important to assess long-term consequences and establish more robust relationships between the factors contributing to the psychopathological deterioration of these patients.
Background The COVID-19 pandemic and the public restrictions imposed to contain it were associated with an impact in mental health since early times. The vulnerability of the population with eating disorders increases the risk of clinical and psychopathological deterioration in the face of this unprecedented event. Objective This systematic review aims to evaluate the changes observed in the symptomatology of individuals diagnosed with eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, a secondary objective is to explore modulating factors of these changes, such as age and specific diagnosis. Methods A literature search was conducted on the Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Eligibility criteria included articles in Portuguese or English, studying a population formally diagnosed with an eating disorder and analysing changes in eating disorder symptoms compared to the pre-pandemic period. The studies were subsequently evaluated for quality and risk of bias using the Johanna Briggs Institute checklist for cross-sectional studies. Results Eleven studies were included, involving participants with diagnoses of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, other specified feeding and eating disorder and avoidant-restrictive food intake disorder. Despite discrepancies in the results obtained, there was a general deterioration in eating behavior symptomatology and overall psychopathology during the pandemic. Conclusions Limitations of this systematic review include the voluntary participation of the included studies' participants, their varying stages of treatment, studies conducted at different times during the pandemic, and not including minorities or individuals who may have experienced the pandemic differently. Nevertheless, this review clarifies the heterogeneous impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating disorders. Future studies in this field will be important to assess long-term consequences and establish more robust relationships between the factors contributing to the psychopathological deterioration of these patients.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2023
Palavras-chave
Perturbações do comportamento alimentar COVID-19 Pandemia Sintomas Psicopatologia