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Potencial terapêutico das células estaminais do sangue do cordão umbilical
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O sangue do cordão umbilical tem vindo a merecer um interesse crescente ao longo dos últimos 25 anos, provando ser uma fonte alternativa e clinicamente viável de células estaminais hematopoiéticas. Entre as vantagens que apresenta, nomeadamente em relação à medula óssea e sangue periférico, podem contar-se uma disponibilidade imediata para uso, recorrendo a bancos de criopreservação, recolha não invasiva e não dolorosa, sem acarretar riscos para a mãe nem para o recém-nascido, elevada capacidade proliferativa, menor risco de desenvolvimento de GVHD e maior tolerância na compatibilidade MHC-HLA. No entanto, apresenta algumas limitações no seu uso, incluindo o baixo e, por vezes, limitante, número de células presentes numa única amostra, que pode estar abaixo do ideal para transplante em adultos e crianças com maior massa corporal e a reconstituição hematopoiética lenta. Além da eficácia já comprovada no tratamento de doenças hemato-oncológicas, metabólicas e imunodeficiências, foram recentemente descobertas células estaminais não-hematopoiéticas no sangue do cordão umbilical. Estas apresentam a capacidade de se diferenciarem em linhagens celulares distintas, como osteócitos, condrócitos, adipócitos, miócitos ou até células nervosas, antecipando assim o seu potencial terapêutico fora do contexto hematológico, nomeadamente na medicina regenerativa.
Umbilical cord blood has been earning a growing interest over the last 25 years, proving to be a clinically and viable alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells. Among the benefits of umbilical cord blood, compared to bone marrow and peripheral blood, are its immediate availability through cord blood banks, non-invasive and painless harvesting, with no risks to mother or the child, high proliferative capacity, lower risk of GVHD and less requirement of a stringent HLA compatibility. However, some of its disadvantages include the low, and sometimes limiting, number of cells collected in single donor units which can be less than optimal for engraftment of many adults and higher weight children and the slower speed to engraftment. Beyond its proven therapeutic efficacy in patients who suffer from hemato-oncological, metabolic and immunological diseases, there has been recently discovered non-hematopoietic stem cells in umbilical cord blood. These cells have the capacity to differentiate into distinct lineages, such as bone, cartilage, fat, cardiac or even neural cells, thus anticipating further clinical applications outside the hematological context, notably in regenerative medicine.
Umbilical cord blood has been earning a growing interest over the last 25 years, proving to be a clinically and viable alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells. Among the benefits of umbilical cord blood, compared to bone marrow and peripheral blood, are its immediate availability through cord blood banks, non-invasive and painless harvesting, with no risks to mother or the child, high proliferative capacity, lower risk of GVHD and less requirement of a stringent HLA compatibility. However, some of its disadvantages include the low, and sometimes limiting, number of cells collected in single donor units which can be less than optimal for engraftment of many adults and higher weight children and the slower speed to engraftment. Beyond its proven therapeutic efficacy in patients who suffer from hemato-oncological, metabolic and immunological diseases, there has been recently discovered non-hematopoietic stem cells in umbilical cord blood. These cells have the capacity to differentiate into distinct lineages, such as bone, cartilage, fat, cardiac or even neural cells, thus anticipating further clinical applications outside the hematological context, notably in regenerative medicine.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2013
Palavras-chave
Células estaminais Sangue do cordão umbilical Células estaminais hematopoiéticas Terapia celular Medicina regenerativa Mestrado Integrado - 2013