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Implementação de programas de vacinação em farmácias comunitárias : comparação entre três países no limiar europeu
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Introdução: A vacinação é uma das intervenções mais importantes na saúde, contribuindo para o controlo e erradicação de doenças. Os farmacêuticos, devido à proximidade com a população, têm oportunidade de promover a vacinação e proporcionar esse serviço.
Objetivos: Realizar um estudo comparativo entre Portugal, Lituânia e Turquia, para analisar o papel do farmacêutico no processo de vacinação.
Materiais e Método: Realizou-se uma revisão da literatura da FIP relativa à vacinação, sendo identificados os aspetos necessários para a implementação de um programa de vacinação efetivo e seguro. Identificados estes aspetos, foi construída uma grelha de análise, que serviu de base para a recolha de dados e comparação entre os países. Posteriormente, procedeu-se a uma análise estatística descritiva simples através do IBM SPSS v27.
Resultados: Após recolha dos dados e respetivo tratamento, foram comparados vários aspetos, entre os quais os responsáveis por administrar as vacinas na farmácia, as instalações necessárias, o histórico dos utentes e registos de cada administração. Foram ainda comparadas vacinas para três doenças, disponíveis para administrar em farmácia. No caso da gripe, em Portugal e na Lituânia estão disponíveis 2 vacinas (Influvac Tetra e Vaxigrip Tetra), enquanto na Turquia é comercializada a Vaxigrip Tetra, contudo não existe legislação que autorize a administração na farmácia. Em Portugal, o custo para o utente da vacina contra a gripe é mais baixo comparativamente à Lituânia e à Turquia, que têm custos acima da média dos 3 países.
Discussão: A taxa de cobertura da vacinação contra a gripe (maiores de 65 anos) na Turquia (5,9%) era baixa comparativamente a Portugal (60,9%) e à Lituânia (15%), referente a 2019. Uma das medidas que pode ser aplicada na Turquia, com o objetivo de aumentar a taxa de vacinação contra a gripe, poderá ser a implementação de um programa de vacinação nas farmácias comunitárias do país.
Conclusão: Este estudo permitiu detalhar os programas de vacinação em farmácias comunitárias existentes na Lituânia e em Portugal, e identificar a ausência de legislação na Turquia neste tema. Embora não seja da União Europeia, a Turquia está alinhada com as recomendações da FIP, concluindo-se que seria vantajoso legislar este serviço.
Introduction: Vaccination is one of the most important health interventions, contributing to disease control and eradication. Pharmacists, due to their proximity to the population, have the opportunity to promote vaccination and provide this service. Objectives: To perform a comparative study between Portugal, Lithuania and Turkey to analyze the role of the pharmacist in the vaccination process. Materials and Methods: A review of the FIP literature on vaccination was conducted, identifying the aspects necessary for the implementation of an effective and safe vaccination program. Once these aspects were identified, an analysis grid was constructed, which served as the basis for data collection and comparison between countries. Subsequently, a simple descriptive statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS v27. Results: After collecting and processing the data, several aspects were compared, including the people responsible for administering the vaccines in the pharmacy, the facilities required, the history of the users and records of each administration. Vaccines for three diseases, available for pharmacy administration, were also compared. For influenza, 2 vaccines are available in Portugal and Lithuania (Influvac Tetra and Vaxigrip Tetra), while in Turkey Vaxigrip Tetra is marketed, but there is no legislation authorizing administration in the pharmacy. In Portugal, the cost to the user of influenza vaccine is lower compared to Lithuania and Turkey, which have costs above the average of the 3 countries. Discussion: The coverage rate of influenza vaccination (over 65 years old) in Turkey (5.9%) was low compared to Portugal (60.9%) and Lithuania (15%), in 2019. One of the measures that can be applied in Turkey, in order to increase the rate of influenza vaccination, could be the implementation of a vaccination program in community pharmacies in the country. Conclusion: This study allowed to detail the existing vaccination programs in community pharmacies in Lithuania and Portugal, and to identify the absence of legislation in Turkey on this subject. Although it is a non European Union country, Turkey is aligned with the FIP recommendations, concluding that it would be advantageous for Turkey to legislate this service.
Introduction: Vaccination is one of the most important health interventions, contributing to disease control and eradication. Pharmacists, due to their proximity to the population, have the opportunity to promote vaccination and provide this service. Objectives: To perform a comparative study between Portugal, Lithuania and Turkey to analyze the role of the pharmacist in the vaccination process. Materials and Methods: A review of the FIP literature on vaccination was conducted, identifying the aspects necessary for the implementation of an effective and safe vaccination program. Once these aspects were identified, an analysis grid was constructed, which served as the basis for data collection and comparison between countries. Subsequently, a simple descriptive statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS v27. Results: After collecting and processing the data, several aspects were compared, including the people responsible for administering the vaccines in the pharmacy, the facilities required, the history of the users and records of each administration. Vaccines for three diseases, available for pharmacy administration, were also compared. For influenza, 2 vaccines are available in Portugal and Lithuania (Influvac Tetra and Vaxigrip Tetra), while in Turkey Vaxigrip Tetra is marketed, but there is no legislation authorizing administration in the pharmacy. In Portugal, the cost to the user of influenza vaccine is lower compared to Lithuania and Turkey, which have costs above the average of the 3 countries. Discussion: The coverage rate of influenza vaccination (over 65 years old) in Turkey (5.9%) was low compared to Portugal (60.9%) and Lithuania (15%), in 2019. One of the measures that can be applied in Turkey, in order to increase the rate of influenza vaccination, could be the implementation of a vaccination program in community pharmacies in the country. Conclusion: This study allowed to detail the existing vaccination programs in community pharmacies in Lithuania and Portugal, and to identify the absence of legislation in Turkey on this subject. Although it is a non European Union country, Turkey is aligned with the FIP recommendations, concluding that it would be advantageous for Turkey to legislate this service.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2023, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Palavras-chave
Vacina Farmacêutico Programas de vacinação Farmácias Legislação Mestrado Integrado - 2023