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Neurobiologia comum à esquizofrenia e à perturbação obsessiva-compulsiva
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Resumo(s)
Estudos recentes têm demonstrado alterações cerebrais comuns no primeiro episódio de Esquizofrenia e na Perturbação Obsessiva-Compulsiva (POC), tanto a nível estrutural como funcional. Há semelhanças fisiopatológicas entre estas duas patologias, mas as alterações mais estruturais estão envolvidas sobretudo na Esquizofrenia.
Apesar de constituírem perturbações psiquiátricas distintas, há estudos que mostram uma comorbilidade reiterada das duas, sendo frequentemente observadas na prática clínica no mesmo paciente, o que permite supor uma neurobiologia comum - um continuum esquizo-obsessivo - que pressupõe ideias delirantes e obsessões como diferentes manifestações de uma mesma patologia e admite linhas de hereditariedade e de personalidade pré-mórbida como factores predisponentes.
Recentemente, um crescente interesse sobre as possíveis sobreposições entre Esquizofrenia e POC parece ter surgido na tentativa de explicar a sua fisiopatologia, tendo por base estudos de neuroimagem funcional e estrutural.
A fim de identificar as semelhanças e disparidades entre Esquizofrenia e POC, esta revisão sintetiza os resultados de estudos recentes que investigaram as alterações estruturais / funcionais presentes em pacientes com Esquizofrenia e Perturbação Obsessiva-Compulsiva.
Recent research has demonstrated that brain abnormalities are present in first-episode Schizophrenia and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Much evidence has been accumulated that suggests abnormalities in brain structure and function are involved in both. There are some pathophysiological similarities we can find between schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder, but more structural abnormalities are involved in schizophrenia. Despite schizophrenia and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder are distinct psychiatric disorders, patients having co-morbidity of the two of them are frequently observed in clinical practice, which allows to hypothesize a common neurobiology, a schizo-obsessive continuum and to identify either delusions and obsessions as different manifestations of one single syndromic construct, with familiarity and temperament (premorbid personality) acting as predisposing factors. Recently, growing interest in the possible overlaps between Schizophrenia and OCD has arisen from attempts to explain the pathophysiology of the two disorders on the basis of the functional and structural neuroimaging findings. In order to identify the similarities and disparities between Schizophrenia and OCD, this review summarizes the latest findings from structural/functional neuroimaging literature on patients with both of them.
Recent research has demonstrated that brain abnormalities are present in first-episode Schizophrenia and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Much evidence has been accumulated that suggests abnormalities in brain structure and function are involved in both. There are some pathophysiological similarities we can find between schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder, but more structural abnormalities are involved in schizophrenia. Despite schizophrenia and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder are distinct psychiatric disorders, patients having co-morbidity of the two of them are frequently observed in clinical practice, which allows to hypothesize a common neurobiology, a schizo-obsessive continuum and to identify either delusions and obsessions as different manifestations of one single syndromic construct, with familiarity and temperament (premorbid personality) acting as predisposing factors. Recently, growing interest in the possible overlaps between Schizophrenia and OCD has arisen from attempts to explain the pathophysiology of the two disorders on the basis of the functional and structural neuroimaging findings. In order to identify the similarities and disparities between Schizophrenia and OCD, this review summarizes the latest findings from structural/functional neuroimaging literature on patients with both of them.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2015
Palavras-chave
Comorbilidade Esquizofrenia Esquizo-obsessivo Neuroimagem Perturbação obsessiva-compulsiva