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Abstract(s)
Uma vez que a tecnologia baseada em sistemas autônomos é cada vez mais implementada em ambientes do mundo real, manifestam-se desafios únicos que precisam rapidamente de soluções. A adequação dos sistemas de compensação de danos concebidos em torno do infrator humano, ou de um ser humano cuja conduta pode ser atribuída a um infrator que é uma pessoa coletiva, é posta em causa quando o “autor” é um sistema autônomo. As propostas de responsabilidade foram apresentadas pelo Parlamento Europeu, pela Comissão Europeia e por algumas jurisdições individuais, algumas das quais também legislaram rapidamente para veículos autónomos, como o Reino Unido. O objetivo deste estudo é examinar as dificuldades que os sistemas autónomos criam para os sistemas existentes de compensação de danos baseados em responsabilidade civil, e propor soluções. Vários temas-chave emergem dos capítulos deste estudo, incluindo: o tipo de regime de responsabilidade mais adequado aos sistemas autônomos; o papel da responsabilidade pelo produto; o papel do seguro de responsabilidade civil e a função reguladora do seguro; e se são necessários regimes de responsabilidade especializados para determinados contextos e setores de sistemas autônomos. Este estudo propõe uma variedade de soluções e levam em conta as consequências regulatórias e o potencial papel regulador do ato ilícito, considerando a sua interface com os objetivos da regulação de sistemas. As opiniões sobre as possíveis soluções para a responsabilidade civil de sistemas autônomos são inevitavelmente diferentes. No entanto, isto não é necessariamente um problema, uma vez que a diversidade de ideias proporcionará um conjunto de possibilidades para as jurisdições conceberem soluções. Além disso, ao considerar estas soluções propostas, a autora sugere que é possível que uma solução não sirva necessariamente para todos, seja tecnologicamente ou em termos, em relação à adequação mais ampla da solução aos esquemas de compensação de acidentes existentes em jurisdições específicas.
As technology based on autonomous systems is increasingly implemented in real-world environments, unique challenges are emerging that quickly need solutions. The adequacy of harm compensation systems designed around the human wrongdoer, or a human being whose conduct can be attributed to a wrongdoer who is a legal person, is called into question when the “perpetrator” is an autonomous system. Liability proposals have been put forward by the European Parliament, the European Commission and some individual jurisdictions, some of which have also quickly legislated for autonomous vehicles, such as the United Kingdom. The aim of this study is to examine the difficulties that autonomous systems create for existing tort-based damage compensation systems, and to propose solutions. Several key themes emerge from the chapters of this study, including: the type of liability regime best suited to autonomous systems; the role of product liability; the role of liability insurance and the regulatory function of insurance; and whether specialized liability regimes are needed for certain autonomous systems contexts and sectors. This study proposes a variety of solutions and takes into account the regulatory consequences and the potential regulatory role of the illicit act, considering its interface with the objectives of systems regulation. Opinions about possible solutions to civil liability for autonomous systems are inevitably different. However, this is not necessarily a problem, as the diversity of ideas will provide a range of possibilities for jurisdictions to devise solutions. Furthermore, when considering these proposed solutions, the author suggests that it is possible that one solution may not necessarily fit all, either technologically or in terms, in relation to the solution's broader suitability for existing accident compensation schemes in specific jurisdictions.
As technology based on autonomous systems is increasingly implemented in real-world environments, unique challenges are emerging that quickly need solutions. The adequacy of harm compensation systems designed around the human wrongdoer, or a human being whose conduct can be attributed to a wrongdoer who is a legal person, is called into question when the “perpetrator” is an autonomous system. Liability proposals have been put forward by the European Parliament, the European Commission and some individual jurisdictions, some of which have also quickly legislated for autonomous vehicles, such as the United Kingdom. The aim of this study is to examine the difficulties that autonomous systems create for existing tort-based damage compensation systems, and to propose solutions. Several key themes emerge from the chapters of this study, including: the type of liability regime best suited to autonomous systems; the role of product liability; the role of liability insurance and the regulatory function of insurance; and whether specialized liability regimes are needed for certain autonomous systems contexts and sectors. This study proposes a variety of solutions and takes into account the regulatory consequences and the potential regulatory role of the illicit act, considering its interface with the objectives of systems regulation. Opinions about possible solutions to civil liability for autonomous systems are inevitably different. However, this is not necessarily a problem, as the diversity of ideas will provide a range of possibilities for jurisdictions to devise solutions. Furthermore, when considering these proposed solutions, the author suggests that it is possible that one solution may not necessarily fit all, either technologically or in terms, in relation to the solution's broader suitability for existing accident compensation schemes in specific jurisdictions.
Description
Keywords
Direito da informática Sistema autónomo Dano Máquinas de inteligência artificial Responsabilidade civil Teses de mestrado - 2024