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As PME e as suas dificuldades em obter financiamento
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Resumo(s)
O acesso ao financiamento e sobretudo ao capital é essencial ao crescimento das empresas. Ao obterem financiamento, vão realizar mais investimentos, que vão gerar crescimento económico. Num período de recuperação económica, os decisores políticos reconhecem que as PME constituem o pilar para a retoma económica.
As dificuldades em obter financiamento constituem, desde sempre, uma grande limitação para as PME.
Este trabalho pretende apurar quais as principais dificuldades que as PME têm enfrentado a nível de obtenção de financiamento. É necessário compreender quais os produtos de financiamento mais utilizados pelas PME e como é que a crise financeira afetou o seu acesso às principais fontes de financiamento. Pretende-se também averiguar se as PME têm recorrido a fontes de financiamento alternativas à Banca, e se o Estado português tem conseguido chegar às PME, através de programas governamentais de apoio ao financiamento.
Foi elaborado um questionário, enviado à uma seleção de PME portuguesas, distinguidas com o estatuto de PME Excelência em 2013.
Os resultados demonstram que as PME continuam muito dependentes do financiamento bancário. As maiores dificuldades no acesso ao financiamento são as taxas de juro aplicadas aos empréstimos bancários e as garantias solicitadas.
A crise não afetou significativamente as relações PME-Banca, tendo as empresas revelado, de um modo geral, um bom relacionamento com a Banca. As demonstrações financeiras têm tido um papel cada vez mais decisivo no aumento da confiança nas relações e consequentemente na concessão de crédito, sendo o documento mais solicitado pelas instituições financeiras antes de conceder crédito às PME.
Access to finance and especially to capital is essential for the growth of companies. With funding, companies will conduct more investments that will generate economic growth. During a recovery period, policymakers have recognized that SMEs are the backbone to economic recovery. Obtaining financing has always constitutes a major constraint to SMEs due to their inherent characteristics. The aim of this work is to investigate the main difficulties that SMEs have faced to access funding. It is necessary to understand which financing products are most used by SMEs and how the financial crisis affected their access to major sources of funding. The intention is also to investigate whether SMEs have resorted to alternative sources of funding to the banking, and if the Portuguese State has been able to reach SMEs through government support programs funding. During the research, a questionnaire, which was sent to a selection of Portuguese SMEs, awarded the 2013 Excellence SME status was developed. The results showed that SMEs are still dependent on bank financing. The greatest difficulties in accessing finance are the interest rates for bank loans and guarantees requested. The crisis did not significantly affect SME-Banking relationships and the companies have revealed, in general, a good relationship with the dealer. The financial statements have been an increasingly crucial role in increasing the trust in the relationship and consequently in lending, the document being requested by most financial institutions before lending to SMEs, according to the results.
Access to finance and especially to capital is essential for the growth of companies. With funding, companies will conduct more investments that will generate economic growth. During a recovery period, policymakers have recognized that SMEs are the backbone to economic recovery. Obtaining financing has always constitutes a major constraint to SMEs due to their inherent characteristics. The aim of this work is to investigate the main difficulties that SMEs have faced to access funding. It is necessary to understand which financing products are most used by SMEs and how the financial crisis affected their access to major sources of funding. The intention is also to investigate whether SMEs have resorted to alternative sources of funding to the banking, and if the Portuguese State has been able to reach SMEs through government support programs funding. During the research, a questionnaire, which was sent to a selection of Portuguese SMEs, awarded the 2013 Excellence SME status was developed. The results showed that SMEs are still dependent on bank financing. The greatest difficulties in accessing finance are the interest rates for bank loans and guarantees requested. The crisis did not significantly affect SME-Banking relationships and the companies have revealed, in general, a good relationship with the dealer. The financial statements have been an increasingly crucial role in increasing the trust in the relationship and consequently in lending, the document being requested by most financial institutions before lending to SMEs, according to the results.
Descrição
Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças Empresariais
Palavras-chave
Pequenas e Médias Empresas (PME) Dificuldades de Financiamento Crise Financeira Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Financing Difficulties Financial Crisis
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Lopes, Samira Rodrigues Spencer (2014). "As PME e as suas dificuldades em obter financiamento". Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão.
Editora
Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão