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Antibiotic resistance and virulence profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from captive non-domestic felids
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À medida que as iniciativas globais promovem a inclusão do conceito Uma Só Saúde na gestão integrada da saúde humana, animal e ambiental, compreender a resistência aos antimicrobianos (RAM) na vida selvagem continua a ser um passo essencial para a proteção da saúde pública e para a conservação da biodiversidade. Populações mantidas em cativeiro representam uma interface importante entre ambientes naturais e sob gestão humana, permitindo explorar como estes podem influenciar o perfil de resistência de bactérias sentinelas e potenciais riscos zoonóticos. Este estudo pretendeu caracterizar os perfis de resistência e de virulência de isolados de Escherichia coli obtidos a partir de amostras fecais de felídeos selvagens mantidos em cativeiro. Foram incluídas neste estudo um total de 41 amostras fecais pertencentes a 11 espécies: leões (Panthera leo, n = 8), tigres (Panthera tigris, n = 5), jaguares (Panthera onca, n = 3), leopardos (Panthera pardus, n = 5), leopardos-das-neves (Panthera uncia, n = 4), chitas (Acinonyx jubatus, n = 3), pumas (Puma concolor, n = 3), servais (Leptailurus serval, n = 2), caracal (Caracal caracal, n = 1), gato-ferrugem (Prionailurus rubiginosus, n = 1), e leopardo nebuloso (Neofelis nebulosa, n = 1). Após inoculação em meio selectivo, os isolados com morfologia compatível com E. coli foram identificados através do teste IMViC e caracterizados quanto ao seu perfil de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana relativamente a doze antibióticos, utilizando o método de difusão em disco. Os perfis de virulência dos isolados foram determinados fenotipicamente, através da deteção de produção de seis fatores de virulência: protease, DNase, gelatinase, lecitinase, hemolisinas e biofilme. Foi possível isolar Escherichia coli a partir das 41 amostras em estudo (100%). Os isolados apresentaram níveis de resistência mais elevados relativamente à tetraciclina (19,4%) e à ampicilina (10,2%), sendo suscetíveis a metade (6/12) dos antibióticos testados. Um perfil de multirresistência foi observado em 9,3% dos isolados. A formação de biofilme (8,3%) foi o único fator de virulência detectado neste estudo. Associações estatisticamente significativas foram observadas entre o sexo do hospedeiro, a exposição antropogénica e as condições de alojamento no santuário, e o perfil de resistência a antibióticos específicos. Os resultados sugerem que a manutenção em cativeiro influência os perfis de resistência antimicrobiana em felídeos selvagens, sublinhando a importância de integrar programas de vigilância da RAM e de adotar práticas de maneio que minimizem pressões seletivas e riscos de transmissão nestes contextos
As global initiatives promote the inclusion of the One Health concept into the integrated management of human, animal, and environmental health, understanding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in wildlife continues to be an essential step for both the protection of public health and the conservation of biodiversity. Captive wildlife populations represent a unique interface between natural and human-managed environments, contributing to the understanding of how captivity shapes indicator bacteria and potential zoonotic risk. This study was conducted to characterise the profiles of antibiotic resistance and virulence of Escherichia coli isolates obtained from faecal samples of captive wild felids. In this study a total of 41 faecal samples were included belonging to 11 species: lions (Panthera leo, n = 8), tigers (Panthera tigris, n = 5), jaguars (Panthera onca, n = 3), leopards (Panthera pardus, n = 5), snow leopards (Panthera uncia, n = 4), cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus, n = 3), pumas (Puma concolor, n = 3), servals (Leptailurus serval, n = 2), caracal (Caracal caracal, n = 1), rusty-spotted cat (Prionailurus rubiginosus, n = 1), and a clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa, n = 1). After inoculation in selective medium, isolates displaying morphology compatible with E. coli were identified through the IMViC test and characterised with respect to their antimicrobial susceptibility profile to twelve antibiotics, using the disk diffusion method. The isolates’ virulence profiles were determined phenotypically and characterised by their ability to produce six virulence factors: protease, DNase, gelatinase, lecithinase, hemolysins and to form biofilm. Escherichia coli was isolated from all 41 samples under study (100%). The isolates showed the highest resistance levels to tetracycline (19.4%) and ampicillin (10.2%), while complete susceptibility was observed in half (6/12) of the antibiotics tested. Multi-drug resistance was observed in 9.3% of the isolates. Biofilm formation (8.3%) was the only detectable virulence factor in this study. Statistically significant associations were observed between host sex, anthropogenic exposure and sanctuary housing conditions, and resistance profiles of specific antibiotics. This study’s findings suggest that captivity has an influence on the antimicrobial resistance profiles in wild felids, underscoring the importance of integrating AMR surveillance programs and adopting management practises which minimise selective pressures and transmission risks in these contexts
As global initiatives promote the inclusion of the One Health concept into the integrated management of human, animal, and environmental health, understanding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in wildlife continues to be an essential step for both the protection of public health and the conservation of biodiversity. Captive wildlife populations represent a unique interface between natural and human-managed environments, contributing to the understanding of how captivity shapes indicator bacteria and potential zoonotic risk. This study was conducted to characterise the profiles of antibiotic resistance and virulence of Escherichia coli isolates obtained from faecal samples of captive wild felids. In this study a total of 41 faecal samples were included belonging to 11 species: lions (Panthera leo, n = 8), tigers (Panthera tigris, n = 5), jaguars (Panthera onca, n = 3), leopards (Panthera pardus, n = 5), snow leopards (Panthera uncia, n = 4), cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus, n = 3), pumas (Puma concolor, n = 3), servals (Leptailurus serval, n = 2), caracal (Caracal caracal, n = 1), rusty-spotted cat (Prionailurus rubiginosus, n = 1), and a clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa, n = 1). After inoculation in selective medium, isolates displaying morphology compatible with E. coli were identified through the IMViC test and characterised with respect to their antimicrobial susceptibility profile to twelve antibiotics, using the disk diffusion method. The isolates’ virulence profiles were determined phenotypically and characterised by their ability to produce six virulence factors: protease, DNase, gelatinase, lecithinase, hemolysins and to form biofilm. Escherichia coli was isolated from all 41 samples under study (100%). The isolates showed the highest resistance levels to tetracycline (19.4%) and ampicillin (10.2%), while complete susceptibility was observed in half (6/12) of the antibiotics tested. Multi-drug resistance was observed in 9.3% of the isolates. Biofilm formation (8.3%) was the only detectable virulence factor in this study. Statistically significant associations were observed between host sex, anthropogenic exposure and sanctuary housing conditions, and resistance profiles of specific antibiotics. This study’s findings suggest that captivity has an influence on the antimicrobial resistance profiles in wild felids, underscoring the importance of integrating AMR surveillance programs and adopting management practises which minimise selective pressures and transmission risks in these contexts
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária, área científica de Sanidade Animal
Palavras-chave
Escherichia coli Felidae Cativeiro Resistência a antibióticos Factores de virulência Felidae Captivity Antimicrobial resistance Virulence factors Escherichia coli