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O problema da leitura, ou reprodução, das declarações processuais do arguido anteriores ao julgamento e o direito ao silêncio : uma perspetiva á luz dos ordenamentos jurídicos de Macau, da China e de Portugal
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Abstract(s)
O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar o regime de leitura de declarações processuais do arguido anteriores ao julgamento e a sua relação com o direito ao silêncio no enquadramento jurídico de alguns países e regiões do sistema continental, nomeadamente de Portugal, de Macau e da República Popular da China. Começaremos por analisar as alterações recentes feitas neste regime em troca da eficácia no combate à criminalidade, através de maximizar a possibilidade de leitura dessas declarações, sobretudo no caso da reforma feita em Portugal pela Lei n.º 20/2013. Face aos sistemas processuais penais de Portugal, de Macau e da China, procederemos a algumas questões principais associadas às regras na utilização de declarações anteriores do arguido, as quais abalam a harmonia do ordenamento jurídico. Em seguida, iremos mencionar o direito ao silêncio, tanto no âmbito da obtenção de prova, como no do aproveitamento probatório das declarações do arguido anteriores ao julgamento, no enquadramento jurídico dos países e região acima referidos. Estes demonstram uma aplicação de níveis diferentes, sobretudo, no direito processual penal chinês, o reconhecimento do direito ao silêncio ainda se considera um tema polémico. Iremos, ainda, analisar o dilema entre Nemo tenetur e o dever de responder com verdade às perguntas feitas pelos agentes de investigações na fase de inquérito. Por fim, iremos salientar a importância da proteção dos direitos humanos no processo penal, reforçando a ideia da concordância prática entre a realização de justiça processual e a descoberta da verdade material neste modelo da estrutura acusatória.
The purpose of the present work is to analyze the regime of reading procedural declarations of the defendant before the trial and its relation with the right to silence in the legal structure of some countries and regions of the continental system, especially in Portugal, Macao and the People's Republic of China. We will begin by analyzing the recent changes made in this regime in exchange for effectiveness in combating crime, by maximizing the possibility of reading these declarations, especially in the case of the reform made in Portugal by Law n.º. 20/2013. In relation to the criminal procedure systems of Portugal, Macao and China, we will resolve some key issues associated with the rules in the use of previous statements by the defendant, which undermine the harmony in the legal system. Next, we will mention the right to silence, both in terms of obtaining evidence, and in the probative use of the defendant's statements before the trial in court, in the legal structure of the countries and regions referred to above. These demonstrate an application of different levels, especially in Chinese Criminal Procedure Law, the recognition of the right to silence is still considered a controversial issue. We will also examine the dilemma between Nemo tenetur and the duty to respond truthfully to the questions asked by agents of investigation in the phase of investigation. Finally, we will emphasize the importance of protecting human rights in criminal procedure, reinforcing the idea of practical agreement between the performance of procedural justice and the discovery of material truth in this model of the accusatory structure.
The purpose of the present work is to analyze the regime of reading procedural declarations of the defendant before the trial and its relation with the right to silence in the legal structure of some countries and regions of the continental system, especially in Portugal, Macao and the People's Republic of China. We will begin by analyzing the recent changes made in this regime in exchange for effectiveness in combating crime, by maximizing the possibility of reading these declarations, especially in the case of the reform made in Portugal by Law n.º. 20/2013. In relation to the criminal procedure systems of Portugal, Macao and China, we will resolve some key issues associated with the rules in the use of previous statements by the defendant, which undermine the harmony in the legal system. Next, we will mention the right to silence, both in terms of obtaining evidence, and in the probative use of the defendant's statements before the trial in court, in the legal structure of the countries and regions referred to above. These demonstrate an application of different levels, especially in Chinese Criminal Procedure Law, the recognition of the right to silence is still considered a controversial issue. We will also examine the dilemma between Nemo tenetur and the duty to respond truthfully to the questions asked by agents of investigation in the phase of investigation. Finally, we will emphasize the importance of protecting human rights in criminal procedure, reinforcing the idea of practical agreement between the performance of procedural justice and the discovery of material truth in this model of the accusatory structure.
Description
Keywords
Direito processual penal Declarações do arguido Direito ao silêncio Nemo tenetur se ipsum accusare Reprodução ou leitura das declarações processuais do arguido. Proteção dos direitos humanos República Popular da China Macau Portugal Teses de mestrado - 2020