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O presente trabalho investiga o papel que a arte desempenha no pensamento de Schelling e Hegel. Ambos os filósofos realizaram construções teóricas que afirmam a arte como um meio de revelação do absoluto. No entanto, o alcance do âmbito artístico bem como o lugar que ele ocupa na economia desses sistemas filosóficos apresentam direções e desenvolvimentos bastante diversos. Desse modo, buscou se esclarecer a importância e as inúmeras relações que a arte estabelece dentro dessas duas filosofias. Uma vez que o Idealismo Alemão se constituiu como um movimento filosófico eminentemente ligado às manifestações artísticas, especialmente à literatura romântica, o estudo acerca do lugar da arte em dois de seus principais pensadores representa tarefa de suma importância. Como existe uma inter-relação entre todos os pontos dos sistemas filosóficos objetos dessa dissertação, houve uma preocupação em traçar, ainda que de forma breve, um panorama a respeito de alguns conceitos e construções teóricas fulcrais para o entendimento global desses sistemas. Assim, munidos desses fundamentos, foi possível adentrar propriamente nas reflexões que Schelling e Hegel tecem sobre o universo da arte e elucidar, no pensamento de ambos, temas como: a relação da arte com a natureza; as condições pelas quais uma obra de arte pode ser considerada bela; os vínculos que existem entre religião, mitologia, teologia e filosofia com o fazer artístico; o jogo que se dá entre as esferas consciente e inconsciente, entre liberdade e necessidade para a constituição da atividade artística; o grau de importância da dimensão discursiva-conceitual para a arte; os prognósticos e perspectivas futuras da arte; a dinâmica de desenvolvimento dos diferentes momentos e representações artísticas no curso da história; e, por fim, as possibilidades e alcance da arte para o desvelamento do espírito absoluto.
This dissertation investigates the role that art plays in the thought of Schelling and Hegel. Both philosophers carried out theoretical constructions that affirm art as a means of revealing the absolute. However, the scope of the artistic sphere as well as the place it occupies in the economy of these philosophical systems present quite different directions and developments. In this way, we sought to clarify the importance and countless relationships that art establishes within these two philosophies. Since German Idealism was constituted as a philosophical movement eminently linked to artistic manifestations, especially romantic literature, the study about the place of art in two of its main thinkers represents a task of the utmost importance. As there is an interrelationship between all the points of the philosophical systems that are the subject of this dissertation, there was a concern to outline, albeit briefly, an overview of some concepts and theoretical constructions that are central for the global understanding of these systems. Thus, armed with these foundations, it was possible to delve into the reflections that Schelling and Hegel weave about the universe of art and elucidate, in their thinking, themes such as: the relationship between art and nature; the conditions by which a work of art can be considered beautiful; the links that exist between religion, mythology, theology and philosophy with artistic making; the interplay that takes place between the conscious and unconscious spheres, between freedom and necessity for the constitution of artistic activity; the degree of importance of the discursive conceptual dimension for art; the prognoses and future perspectives for art; the dynamics of development of different moments and artistic representations throughout history; and, finally, the possibilities and scope of art for unveiling the absolute spirit.
This dissertation investigates the role that art plays in the thought of Schelling and Hegel. Both philosophers carried out theoretical constructions that affirm art as a means of revealing the absolute. However, the scope of the artistic sphere as well as the place it occupies in the economy of these philosophical systems present quite different directions and developments. In this way, we sought to clarify the importance and countless relationships that art establishes within these two philosophies. Since German Idealism was constituted as a philosophical movement eminently linked to artistic manifestations, especially romantic literature, the study about the place of art in two of its main thinkers represents a task of the utmost importance. As there is an interrelationship between all the points of the philosophical systems that are the subject of this dissertation, there was a concern to outline, albeit briefly, an overview of some concepts and theoretical constructions that are central for the global understanding of these systems. Thus, armed with these foundations, it was possible to delve into the reflections that Schelling and Hegel weave about the universe of art and elucidate, in their thinking, themes such as: the relationship between art and nature; the conditions by which a work of art can be considered beautiful; the links that exist between religion, mythology, theology and philosophy with artistic making; the interplay that takes place between the conscious and unconscious spheres, between freedom and necessity for the constitution of artistic activity; the degree of importance of the discursive conceptual dimension for art; the prognoses and future perspectives for art; the dynamics of development of different moments and artistic representations throughout history; and, finally, the possibilities and scope of art for unveiling the absolute spirit.