A carregar...
Publicação
Nano-engineered carriers and functional beverages from natural ingredients
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.37 MB | Adobe PDF |
Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
As bebidas funcionais transmitem benefícios à saúde que vão para além do seu valor nutritivo. Estas são geralmente uma grande fonte de nutrientes, minerais, fibras e vitaminas, contribuindo para uma melhoria do estado de saúde geral. Café e chá são considerados bebidas funcionais e, junto com bebidas energéticas e desportivas, conquistaram os primeiros lugares para bebidas funcionais mais amplamente consumidas em todo o mundo. Algumas destas bebidas afirmam ter benefícios específicos para a saúde, sendo assim direcionadas para grupos específicos de consumidores. Por exemplo, as bebidas desportivas têm como objetivo proporcionar a atletas hidratação e energia necessárias à prática de exercício físico, enquanto que as bebidas energéticas usam substâncias estimulantes como a cafeína para deixar o consumidor com mais energia. Leite e outras bebidas derivadas de produtos lácteos também se enquadram nesta categoria de bebidas funcionais, isto se forem fortificadas com compostos funcionais e bioativos.
No campo dos bioativos, a inclusão de produtos naturais em medicamentos e/ou suplementos alimentares é uma realidade que se explora cada vez mais. Terpenóides, flavonóides, florotaninos e, principalmente, compostos fenólicos são alguns dos compostos bioativos responsáveis pela bioatividade e propriedades de plantas, frutas, vegetais e algas, maioritariamente propriedades antioxidantes, anti-inflamatórias, antibióticas e cicatrizantes. No entanto, alguns produtos naturais apresentam baixa permeabilidade ao tentar atravessar membranas lipídicas, um obstáculo que pode ser contornado ao encapsular estes compostos em nanossistemas. Os nanomateriais têm sido usados com sucesso e demonstram uma melhoria da estabilidade e propriedades de formulações com compostos naturais encapsulados. Biopolímeros, como quitosano, alginato ou pectina, são vulgarmente utilizados para formular nanomateriais devido à sua biodegradabilidade e ao facto de não serem tóxicos.
Esta dissertação pretende descrever um resumo dos avanços já feitos com os produtos naturais, nanoformulados, e a sua utilização como suplementos alimentares e, em especial, através das bebidas funcionais. Nesta dissertação foi ainda abordada a questão da regulamentação que é específica para esta área e que abrange os suplementos alimentares e alimentos funcionais. Finalmente, é feita uma perspetiva futura, realçando o potencial destes produtos como fortes candidatos a um crescimento económico muito grande, sendo que este mercado tinha um valor de 24.2 biliões de dólares em 2011 e está projetado atingir um valor de aproximadamente 180 biliões de dólares em 2024.
Functional beverages convey health benefits beyond their nutritional value and are typically a great source of nutrients, minerals, fiber and vitamins, contributing to an improvement of overall health. Coffee and tea can be considered functional drinks and, along with energy and sports drinks, have earned the top spots for most widely consumed functional beverages across the world. Some of these beverages claim to have specific health benefits, thus targeting a specific group of consumers. For example, sports drinks aim to provide athletes with adequate hydration and energy to practice physical activity, while energy drinks use stimulant substances such as caffeine to make the consumer feel more energized and awake. Milk and other dairy-based beverages also fall within the functional beverage category if they are fortified with functional bioactive compounds. When it comes to bioactive compounds, the inclusion of natural products and/or food supplements is a reality that is being increasingly more explored. Terpenoids, flavonoids, phlorotannins and, most importantly, phenolic compounds are some of the bioactive compounds responsible for the health properties of plants, fruits, vegetables and algae, mostly antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and wound healing properties. However, some natural products show low permeability through biological membranes, an obstacle which can be circumvented by encapsulating these compounds. Nanomaterials have successfully been used and shown to increase the stability and properties of formulations with encapsulated natural compounds. Biopolymers, such as chitosan, alginate or pectin, are very commonly used to formulate nanomaterials due to their biodegradability and non-toxicity. This review aims to resume the advances done with natural products, included in nanoformulations, and their use as food supplements and, especially, through functional beverages. Furthermore, this review also mentions the specific regulation for this industry and that includes food supplements and functional food items. Lastly, future perspectives are mentioned, highlighting the potential these products hold as strong candidates for large economic growth, given that in 2011 this market was worth 24.2 billion dollars and is projected to reach a value of 180 billion dollars in the year of 2024.
Functional beverages convey health benefits beyond their nutritional value and are typically a great source of nutrients, minerals, fiber and vitamins, contributing to an improvement of overall health. Coffee and tea can be considered functional drinks and, along with energy and sports drinks, have earned the top spots for most widely consumed functional beverages across the world. Some of these beverages claim to have specific health benefits, thus targeting a specific group of consumers. For example, sports drinks aim to provide athletes with adequate hydration and energy to practice physical activity, while energy drinks use stimulant substances such as caffeine to make the consumer feel more energized and awake. Milk and other dairy-based beverages also fall within the functional beverage category if they are fortified with functional bioactive compounds. When it comes to bioactive compounds, the inclusion of natural products and/or food supplements is a reality that is being increasingly more explored. Terpenoids, flavonoids, phlorotannins and, most importantly, phenolic compounds are some of the bioactive compounds responsible for the health properties of plants, fruits, vegetables and algae, mostly antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and wound healing properties. However, some natural products show low permeability through biological membranes, an obstacle which can be circumvented by encapsulating these compounds. Nanomaterials have successfully been used and shown to increase the stability and properties of formulations with encapsulated natural compounds. Biopolymers, such as chitosan, alginate or pectin, are very commonly used to formulate nanomaterials due to their biodegradability and non-toxicity. This review aims to resume the advances done with natural products, included in nanoformulations, and their use as food supplements and, especially, through functional beverages. Furthermore, this review also mentions the specific regulation for this industry and that includes food supplements and functional food items. Lastly, future perspectives are mentioned, highlighting the potential these products hold as strong candidates for large economic growth, given that in 2011 this market was worth 24.2 billion dollars and is projected to reach a value of 180 billion dollars in the year of 2024.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2021, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Palavras-chave
Nanomateriais Produtos naturais Bebidas funcionais Plantas medicinais Biopolímeros Mestrado integrado - 2021