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A Doença Periodontal é, nos dias de hoje, uma das condições patológicas mais prevalentes, afetando cerca de 50% da população mundial. Tendo como fator etiológico primário a acumulação de placa bacteriana, mas também associada a outros fatores de risco como diabetes e consumo de tabaco, se não for travada pode evoluir para uma destruição dos tecidos de suporte do dente – gengiva, osso alveolar e ligamento periodontal. Quando esta destruição se verifica, ocorrem alterações a nível de saúde oral, qualidade de vida, fala, nutrição, confiança, bem-estar e estética. Por este motivo, iniciaram-se investigações para o desenvolvimento de técnicas que permitissem, não só restabelecer a saúde oral destes pacientes, como os tecidos perdidos. Com o objetivo de descobrir quais os tecidos periodontais com capacidade regeneradora, verificou-se que apenas as células pluripotenciais do ligamento periodontal possuíam a capacidade de regenerar a totalidade de tecidos do aparelho de suporte dentário. Nasceu assim o princípio da Regeneração Tecidular Guiada. Este princípio compreende a noção de que, através da separação física dos tecidos sem capacidade regeneradora, do defeito a regenerar, as células do ligamento periodontal podem promover uma regeneração, em detrimento de uma mera reparação. Assim, a Regeneração Tecidular Guiada é, hoje em dia, amplamente utilizada e previsível no que diz respeito à regeneração de defeitos decorrentes da doença periodontal tendo ainda, no entanto, algumas limitações.
On current days, Periodontal Disease is one of the most prevalent pathologic conditions, affecting around 50% of the world population. Being the accumulation of bacterial plaque the primary etiologic factor for the development of this condition, with added risk factors such as diabetes and smoking, it can evolve to a tooth supporting tissues – gingiva, alveolar bone and periodontal ligament – destruction, if not caught on time. When this destruction happens, oral health problems affecting life quality, speaking, nutrition, confidence, welfare and esthetics can occur. For this reason, investigations started to develop techniques that allowed for re-establishing this patients’ oral health and lost tissues. With this in mind, it was found that only the pluripotential periodontal ligament cells had the capacity to regenerate all of the tooth surrounding tissues – this way, Guided Tissue Regeneration was born. This technique is based on the principle that, through physical separation of the defect from the tissues with no regenerative capacity, periodontal ligament cells are able to promote tissue regeneration instead of merely tissue repair. Nowadays, Guided Tissue Regeneration is largely used and predictable when it comes to regenerating of periodontal disease arising defects, having, still, its’ limitations.
On current days, Periodontal Disease is one of the most prevalent pathologic conditions, affecting around 50% of the world population. Being the accumulation of bacterial plaque the primary etiologic factor for the development of this condition, with added risk factors such as diabetes and smoking, it can evolve to a tooth supporting tissues – gingiva, alveolar bone and periodontal ligament – destruction, if not caught on time. When this destruction happens, oral health problems affecting life quality, speaking, nutrition, confidence, welfare and esthetics can occur. For this reason, investigations started to develop techniques that allowed for re-establishing this patients’ oral health and lost tissues. With this in mind, it was found that only the pluripotential periodontal ligament cells had the capacity to regenerate all of the tooth surrounding tissues – this way, Guided Tissue Regeneration was born. This technique is based on the principle that, through physical separation of the defect from the tissues with no regenerative capacity, periodontal ligament cells are able to promote tissue regeneration instead of merely tissue repair. Nowadays, Guided Tissue Regeneration is largely used and predictable when it comes to regenerating of periodontal disease arising defects, having, still, its’ limitations.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, 2015
Palavras-chave
Saúde oral Doença periodontal Teses de mestrado - 2015
