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Os limites objetivos do caso julgado e as questões prejudiciais
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Abstract(s)
O presente trabalho objetiva evidenciar que, no processo civil contemporâneo, o caso julgado adquire especial relevância, sobretudo, como figura particularmente hábil a proporcionar segurança jurídica, tornando automaticamente estáveis não só as questões principais, mas, inclusive, as prejudiciais. Parte-se, para tanto, do estudo das compreensões clássicas e das finalidades envolvidas na concepção do caso julgado, bem
como de seus atributos e efeitos, com as atenções voltadas à autoridade, e, em particular, aos limites objetivos. A intenção é mostrar que, a despeito da histórica preponderância da noção restritiva do objeto do caso julgado, a tendência ampliativa é realidade em diversos países e, mais do que isso, fator determinante para evitar a eternização dos conflitos de modo eficaz. Nesse cenário, é oportuna a resolução de questão prejudicial, podendo esta ser caracterizada de diversas formas, que envolvem até mesmo contornos
fáticos. A visão privatista de tutela jurisdicional limitada à manifestação de vontade das partes, ao que se nota, precisa ceder algum espaço ao interesse público inerente à vedação da relitigância, quando inequívoco o respeito ao contraditório e à possibilidade de produção probatória. Em suma, esta dissertação analisa as implicações, no enfoque da segurança jurídica, da ampliação automática dos limites objetivos do caso julgado
para atingir até mesmo as questões prejudiciais decididas.
The present work aims to demonstrate that, in contemporary civil procedure, res judicata (claim preclusion) acquires special relevance, especially as a way of providing legal certainty, rendering stable not only the main issues under discussion, but also the preliminary ones. To this end, this research begins with the study of the traditional understandings and the purposes involved in the conception of res judicata, as well as its attributes and effects, focusing on its authority, and, in particular, on its limits. The intention is to establish that, despite the historical prevalence of a restrictive scope of res judicata, the tendency to expand it is a reality in many jurisdictions, with direct impacts on the prevention of the eternalization of claims. In this scenario, it is advisable to apply res judicata to preliminary issues, which can even include factual matters. When there is unequivocal respect for due process, the privatistic view that judicial protection is limited to the expression of the will of the parties needs to accommodate with the public interest inherent to the preclusion of relitigation. In short, this dissertation analyzes the implications, from the perspective of legal certainty, of expanding the scope of res judicata to encompass preliminary issues.
The present work aims to demonstrate that, in contemporary civil procedure, res judicata (claim preclusion) acquires special relevance, especially as a way of providing legal certainty, rendering stable not only the main issues under discussion, but also the preliminary ones. To this end, this research begins with the study of the traditional understandings and the purposes involved in the conception of res judicata, as well as its attributes and effects, focusing on its authority, and, in particular, on its limits. The intention is to establish that, despite the historical prevalence of a restrictive scope of res judicata, the tendency to expand it is a reality in many jurisdictions, with direct impacts on the prevention of the eternalization of claims. In this scenario, it is advisable to apply res judicata to preliminary issues, which can even include factual matters. When there is unequivocal respect for due process, the privatistic view that judicial protection is limited to the expression of the will of the parties needs to accommodate with the public interest inherent to the preclusion of relitigation. In short, this dissertation analyzes the implications, from the perspective of legal certainty, of expanding the scope of res judicata to encompass preliminary issues.
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Keywords
Processo civil Caso julgado Autoridade Questões prejudiciais Segurança jurídica Teses de mestrado - 2024 Civil procedure res judicata Authority Preliminary issues Legal certainty