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Formulação de alimentos compostos para frangos de carne com incorporação de farinha de Mosca Soldado-Negro
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O aumento da procura por alimentos de origem animal, acarreta desafios para a indústria de alimentos compostos ao necessitar produzir alimentos compostos em quantidade, qualidade e sustentáveis, com escassez de recursos naturais. Um dos maiores desafios é a procura de alternativas ao bagaço de soja, principal matéria-prima proteica usada na alimentação animal, com elevados custos ambientais associados. A utilização de matérias-primas proteicas alternativas, localmente produzidas e com menor pegada de carbono, pode contribuir para a sustentabilidade do setor. Entre as alternativas propostas na bibliografia, a farinha de insetos tem emergido como de particular interesse. Assim, o presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a utilização de uma matéria-prima proteica alternativa localmente produzida – mosca soldado-negro (Hermetia illucens) – na formulação de alimentos compostos completos como estratégia para reduzir o nível de inclusão do bagaço de soja. O modelo animal usado neste trabalho foi o frango de crescimento rápido. A escolha deste modelo animal baseou-se no peso que a avicultura representa no setor mundial de produção de carne (34%). Foram desenvolvidas duas formulações para a alimentação dos frangos de carne: i) formulação convencional, com base nas matérias-primas convencionais e comummente usadas na prática em alimentos compostos para frangos de crescimento rápido e ii) formulação alternativa, com base nas matérias-primas convencionais e com a inclusão de 10% de farinha de mosca soldado-negro. As duas formulações foram adequadas às três fases do ciclo de vida de um frango de carne: i) fase de iniciação (1-10 dias), ii) fase de crescimento (11-20 dias) e iii) fase de acabamento (21 dias-abate). Os resultados mostraram que uma inclusão de 10% de mosca soldado-negro poderá reduzir cerca de 31-45% do bagaço de soja e eliminar a necessidade de inclusão de óleo de soja, mas com um custo cerca de seis vezes superior ao da dieta convencional, representando dificuldades para a sustentabilidade económica do setor. No entanto, a inclusão de farinha de mosca soldado-negro poderá promover benefícios para a saúde do animal e do consumidor, evidenciando a necessidade de estudos futuros que avaliem o nível de inclusão mais adequado de modo a alcançar a sustentabilidade produtiva, económica, bem como o bem-estar e a saúde.
The increased demand for animal-based foods poses challenges for the feed industry in its quest to produce sustainable feeds, in quantity and quality, coping with the scarcity of natural resources. One of the biggest challenges is the search for alternatives to soybean meal, the main protein feedstuff used in animal feed, which has high associated environmental costs. The use of alternative protein feedstuffs, locally produced and with a lower carbon footprint, can contribute to the sustainability of the sector. Among the alternatives proposed in the literature, insect meal has emerged as being of particular interest. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the use of a locally produced alternative protein feedstuff – black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) – in the formulation of complete feeds as a strategy to reduce the inclusion level of soybean meal. The animal model used in this study was the broiler. The choice of this animal model was based on the weight that poultry farming represents in the world meat production sector (34%). Two feed formulations were developed for broilers: i) a conventional formulation, based on conventional feedstuffs commonly used in broilers’ feeds, and ii) an alternative formulation, based on conventional feedstuffs with the inclusion of 10% black soldier fly meal. Both formulations were suited for the three phases of a broiler's life cycle: i) starter phase (1-10 days), ii) grower phase (11-20 days), and iii) finisher phase (21 days to slaughter). The results showed that the inclusion of 10% black solder fly meal could reduce soybean meal by approximately 31-45%, and eliminate the need for soybean oil, but at a cost approximately six times higher than that of the conventional diet, posing challenges to the economic sustainability of the sector. However, the inclusion of black solder fly meal may promote benefits both animal and consumer’s health, highlighting the need for future studies to evaluate the most adequate inclusion level to achieve productive and economic sustainability, as well as welfare and health.
The increased demand for animal-based foods poses challenges for the feed industry in its quest to produce sustainable feeds, in quantity and quality, coping with the scarcity of natural resources. One of the biggest challenges is the search for alternatives to soybean meal, the main protein feedstuff used in animal feed, which has high associated environmental costs. The use of alternative protein feedstuffs, locally produced and with a lower carbon footprint, can contribute to the sustainability of the sector. Among the alternatives proposed in the literature, insect meal has emerged as being of particular interest. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the use of a locally produced alternative protein feedstuff – black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) – in the formulation of complete feeds as a strategy to reduce the inclusion level of soybean meal. The animal model used in this study was the broiler. The choice of this animal model was based on the weight that poultry farming represents in the world meat production sector (34%). Two feed formulations were developed for broilers: i) a conventional formulation, based on conventional feedstuffs commonly used in broilers’ feeds, and ii) an alternative formulation, based on conventional feedstuffs with the inclusion of 10% black soldier fly meal. Both formulations were suited for the three phases of a broiler's life cycle: i) starter phase (1-10 days), ii) grower phase (11-20 days), and iii) finisher phase (21 days to slaughter). The results showed that the inclusion of 10% black solder fly meal could reduce soybean meal by approximately 31-45%, and eliminate the need for soybean oil, but at a cost approximately six times higher than that of the conventional diet, posing challenges to the economic sustainability of the sector. However, the inclusion of black solder fly meal may promote benefits both animal and consumer’s health, highlighting the need for future studies to evaluate the most adequate inclusion level to achieve productive and economic sustainability, as well as welfare and health.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado, Engenharia Alimentar, 2025, Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto Superior de Agronomia.
Palavras-chave
alimentação animal bagaço de soja frango de carne mosca soldado-negro sustentabilidade broiler black soldier fly feed soybean meal sustainability