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A raiva : relações com a vinculação e com os estilos parentais percebidos
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Resumo(s)
A raiva é uma emoção primária cujos componentes são importantes como fator de risco, quer no relacionamento interpessoal, quer na doença cardíaca e nas perturbações de ansiedade.
Neste contexto, considerou-se pertinente um estudo que relacionasse autorrelatos relativos a estilos de vinculação parental, e a esquemas parentais percebidos, com a emoção raiva, contribuindo assim para uma melhor compreensão da importância da vinculação e das condutas parentais na génese daquela emoção.
A amostra foi não-probabilística por conveniência, constituída por adultos de uma população não-clínica que responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e a três instrumentos de autorrelato: o Inventário de Estado-Traço de Expressão da Raiva (STAXI-2), o Questionário de Vinculação ao Pai e à Mãe (QVPM) e o Inventário de Estilos Parentais de Young (YPI).
Foram efetuadas análises em componentes principais (rotações Varimax e Promax) e de consistência interna (-Cronbach), testada a igualdade de médias para verificar a influência do sexo em todas as escalas dos três instrumentos (MANOVAs, testes-t), e realizados estudos de correlações (r Pearson) e de regressão múltipla stepwise.
Os resultados não revelaram diferenças significativas na variação de respostas entre sexos, salvo nas dimensões II. Afetuosidade e estabilidade emocional e III. Hipervigilância e orientação para o outro, do YPI-Pai, e na dimensão I. Distanciamento e rejeição, do YPI-Mãe. Os resultados revelaram correlações e associações significativas entre as dimensões de vinculação, quer ao pai, quer à mãe, bem como entre as diferentes dimensões dos estilos parentais, quer paternos, quer maternos, com os diferentes componentes da raiva (Estado, Traço, Expressão e Controlo).
Em conclusão, estes resultados são consistentes com a noção de que fatores do ambiente familiar, tais como os estilos de vinculação e as condutas parentais, estão envolvidos na génese e no desenvolvimento da raiva/zanga/hostilidade e, como tal, será de grande utilidade o desenvolvimento de programas de prevenção e de intervenção eficazes dirigidos a estes fatores de risco psicológicos.
Anger is a primary emotion whose components are important as a risk factor, both in interpersonal relationships or in heart disease and anxiety disorders. In this context, it was considered important to relate adult attachment to mother and father’s perceived parenting schemes with anger, thus contributing to a better understanding of the importance of attachment and parental behavior in the genesis of that emotion. The sample was a non probabilistic one, consisting of adults of a non-clinical population who answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and three self-report instruments: the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2), the Father and Mother Attachment Questionnaire (QVPM) and the Young Parenting Inventory (YPI). Principal Component Analyzes (Varimax and Promax rotations) and internal consistency studies (-Cronbach) were carried out, the equality of means was tested to verify the influence of sex on the variance of answers to all scales of the three instruments (MANOVA, t-tests). Correlation studies (r Pearson) and stepwise multiple regression were also conducted. The results revealed no significant differences between genders, except in dimensions II. Warmth and emotional stability, and III. Hypervigilance and guidance to other (YPI-Father), and dimension I. Detachment and rejection (YPI-Mother). Attachment dimensions to either father or mother, as well as between the different dimensions of parenting styles, either paternal or maternal, were significantly correlated and associated with different components of anger (State, Trait, Expression, and Control). In conclusion, these results are consistent with the notion that family environment factors, such as self-reported attachment style and perceived parental rearing, are involved in the genesis and development of anger / rage / hostility. It may be useful to develop effective prevention and intervention programs targeting these psychological risk factors.
Anger is a primary emotion whose components are important as a risk factor, both in interpersonal relationships or in heart disease and anxiety disorders. In this context, it was considered important to relate adult attachment to mother and father’s perceived parenting schemes with anger, thus contributing to a better understanding of the importance of attachment and parental behavior in the genesis of that emotion. The sample was a non probabilistic one, consisting of adults of a non-clinical population who answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and three self-report instruments: the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2), the Father and Mother Attachment Questionnaire (QVPM) and the Young Parenting Inventory (YPI). Principal Component Analyzes (Varimax and Promax rotations) and internal consistency studies (-Cronbach) were carried out, the equality of means was tested to verify the influence of sex on the variance of answers to all scales of the three instruments (MANOVA, t-tests). Correlation studies (r Pearson) and stepwise multiple regression were also conducted. The results revealed no significant differences between genders, except in dimensions II. Warmth and emotional stability, and III. Hypervigilance and guidance to other (YPI-Father), and dimension I. Detachment and rejection (YPI-Mother). Attachment dimensions to either father or mother, as well as between the different dimensions of parenting styles, either paternal or maternal, were significantly correlated and associated with different components of anger (State, Trait, Expression, and Control). In conclusion, these results are consistent with the notion that family environment factors, such as self-reported attachment style and perceived parental rearing, are involved in the genesis and development of anger / rage / hostility. It may be useful to develop effective prevention and intervention programs targeting these psychological risk factors.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde, Núcleo de Psicoterapia Cognitiva-Comportamental e Integrativa), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2015
Palavras-chave
Raiva Vinculação Estilos parentais Teses de mestrado - 2015