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Estado, território, população: As ideias, as políticas e as técnicas de colonização interna no Estado Novo
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Esta dissertação analisa a colonização interna e as colónias agrícolas durante o Estado Novo em função de três eixos: as ideias e as políticas estatais, a administração do Estado e as técnicas colonizadoras. Ao longo de dez capítulos, investiga-se de que modo a colonização interna contribuiu para os processos de institucionalização dos poderes do Estado moderno.
Concebida enquanto ideia, política e técnica de reorganização da ocupação e posse de terra e de engenharia social, conclui-se que a colonização interna foi uma proposta de articulação específica entre território e população promovida pelo Estado moderno. Com a criação da Junta de Colonizaçao Interna e da Junta Autónoma das Obras de Hidráulica Agrícola no Estado Novo, a vontade de transformação da natureza hídrica do território, essencial à modernização agrícola, associou-se a formas de reestruturação agrária. Estuda-se assim a forma como a colonização interna, após ter sido concebida pelo reformismo agrário desde finais do século XIX, ajudou a definir as áreas de intervenção e os mecanismos de poder do Estado Novo, contribuindo para a formação das políticas de nacionalismo económico dos anos trinta e de desenvolvimentismo do pós-segunda guerra mundial.
Além das ideias e das políticas, esta tese percorre as modalidades e as práticas colonizadoras da administração do Estado, dos planos colonizadores para os baldios aos planos de colonização de sequeiro do Sul. Discurso nacionalista histórico sobre a nação portuguesa, a colonização interna é aqui estudada sob a óptica transnacional através da inserção das políticas, dos saberes, das técnicas e dos agentes colonizadores nas redes de produção e circulação de conhecimento das políticas dos Estados da Europa do Sul (Espanha e Itália). Na segunda parte, dedicada às técnicas colonizadoras, a tese analisa a concepção (científica) e a instalação (técnica e administrativa) de cada uma das sete colónias agrícolas construídas pelo Estado entre 1926 e 1958: Milagres, Martim Rei, Barroso, Alvão, Boalhosa, Pegões e Gafanha.
This dissertation analyses internal colonisation and agricultural colonies during Portugal’s New State in three axes: state policies and ideas, state administration, and colonizing techniques. Throughout ten chapters, this work probes how internal colonisation contributed to the institutionalisation process of the modern state’s powers. Conceived as an idea, policy, and technique of reorganisation of land ownership and social engineering, the dissertation concludes that internal colonisation was a project of specific articulation between territory and population promoted by the modern state. With the creation of the Internal Colonisation Board and the Autonomous Board of Agricultural Hydraulics Works during the New State, the will to transform the territory’s hydric nature, essential to agricultural modernisation, became associated with forms of agrarian restructuring. The dissertation thus studies the way internal colonisation, having been conceived by agrarian reformism since the late nineteenth century, helped define the New State’s areas of intervention and mechanisms of power, contributing to the formation of the policies of 1930s’ economic nationalism and postwar developmentalism. Besides ideas and policies, the dissertation covers the state administration’s modalities and practices of colonisation, from the colonising plans for the wastelands to the plans for the semiarid lands of the South. Part of the nationalist discourse about the history of the Portuguese nation, internal colonisation is studied here from a transnational perspective through the inclusion of colonising policies, forms of knowledge, techniques, and agents in the networks of production and circulation of knowledge of southern European states (Spain and Italy). In the second part, about colonising techniques, the dissertation analyses the (scientific) conception and the (technical and administrative) implementation of each of the seven agricultural colonies built by the state between 1926 and 1958: Milagres, Martim Rei, Barroso, Alvão, Boalhosa, Pegões, and Gafanha.
This dissertation analyses internal colonisation and agricultural colonies during Portugal’s New State in three axes: state policies and ideas, state administration, and colonizing techniques. Throughout ten chapters, this work probes how internal colonisation contributed to the institutionalisation process of the modern state’s powers. Conceived as an idea, policy, and technique of reorganisation of land ownership and social engineering, the dissertation concludes that internal colonisation was a project of specific articulation between territory and population promoted by the modern state. With the creation of the Internal Colonisation Board and the Autonomous Board of Agricultural Hydraulics Works during the New State, the will to transform the territory’s hydric nature, essential to agricultural modernisation, became associated with forms of agrarian restructuring. The dissertation thus studies the way internal colonisation, having been conceived by agrarian reformism since the late nineteenth century, helped define the New State’s areas of intervention and mechanisms of power, contributing to the formation of the policies of 1930s’ economic nationalism and postwar developmentalism. Besides ideas and policies, the dissertation covers the state administration’s modalities and practices of colonisation, from the colonising plans for the wastelands to the plans for the semiarid lands of the South. Part of the nationalist discourse about the history of the Portuguese nation, internal colonisation is studied here from a transnational perspective through the inclusion of colonising policies, forms of knowledge, techniques, and agents in the networks of production and circulation of knowledge of southern European states (Spain and Italy). In the second part, about colonising techniques, the dissertation analyses the (scientific) conception and the (technical and administrative) implementation of each of the seven agricultural colonies built by the state between 1926 and 1958: Milagres, Martim Rei, Barroso, Alvão, Boalhosa, Pegões, and Gafanha.
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Estado Novo reforma agrária colonização interna colónias agrícolas sociedade rural nacionalismo económico desenvolvimentismo New State land reform internal colonisation agricultural colonies rural society economic nationalism developmentalism