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Can we learn from errors? Retrieval facilitates the correction of false memories for pragmatic inferences
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Errorful learning suggests that, when perfect learning has not yet been attained, errors can
enhance future learning if followed by corrective feedback. Research on memory updating
has shown that after retrieval, memory becomes more malleable and prone to change.
Thus, retrieval of a wrong answer might provide a good context for the incorporation of feedback. Here, we tested this hypothesis using sentences including pragmatic sentence implications, commonly used for the study of false memories. Across two experiments with
young adults, we hypothesized that corrective feedback would be more efficient at reducing
false memories if provided immediately after retrieval, when memory is more malleable than
after being exposed to the material. Participants’ memory was assessed as a function of the
type of learning task (Experiment 1: retrieval vs. restudy; and Experiment 2: active vs. passive recognition); and whether participants received corrective feedback or not. In both
experiments, we observed that retrieval not only improved correct recall (replicating the testing effect) but also promoted the correction of false memories. Notably, corrective feedback
was more effective when given after errors that were committed during retrieval rather than
after restudy (Experiment 1) or after passive recognition (Experiment 2). Our results suggest
that the benefits of retrieval go beyond the testing effect since it also facilitates false memories correction. Retrieval seems to enhance memory malleability, thus improving the incorporation of feedback, compared to the mere presentation of the information. Our results
support the use of learning strategies that engage in active and explicit retrieval because,
even if the retrieved information is wrong—when immediate feedback is provided—memory
updating is promoted and errors are more likely to be corrected.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Memory Mental recall Feedback Humans Recognition Psychology Young adult
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Maraver, M. J., Lapa, A., Garcia-Marques, L., Carneiro, P., & Raposo, A. (2022). Can we learn from errors? Retrieval facilitates the correction of false memories for pragmatic inferences. Plos one, 17(8), e0272427. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272427
Editora
Public Library of Science