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A assistência aos alienados em Portugal : o Hospital de Rilhafoles (da fundação à implantação da República)
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Abstract(s)
A presente Tese de Doutoramento em História, especialidade em História Contemporânea intitulada A Assistência aos alienados em Portugal: o Hospital de Rilhafoles (da fundação à Implantação da República) incide sobre a História da Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental.
Entre os sécs. XVIII – XIX, numa sociedade em que se impunha o valor da produtividade e da riqueza social, o louco era colocado à parte, muitas vezes condenado pelas ideias mágico-religiosas que lhe estavam associadas.
No séc. XIX assiste-se por toda a Europa à emergência e consolidação das novas ciências médicas, entre as quais se vai afirmar uma comunidade de alienistas e psiquiatras que vão contribuir para a constituição da Psiquiatria.
Passando então o louco a ser compreendido como um doente, que necessita de um espaço para ser internado e receber os devidos tratamentos para a sua recuperação.
Em Portugal a assistência mental dava então os primeiros passos como especificidade de tratamento, sendo que, em Lisboa, os alienados iam para os cárceres ou para as enfermarias do Hospital de S. José.
Foi em 1848 que se verificou uma mudança, com a criação do Hospital de Rilhafoles – o primeiro hospital para alienados em Portugal. Décadas depois da sua abertura revelou uma situação de grande precariedade devido à degradação do edifício, à falta de condições de higiene e ao número elevado de doentes para a capacidade que tinha.
Foi neste contexto que Miguel Augusto Bombarda assumiu a direcção do Hospital de Rilhafoles e lhe devolveu a dignidade merecida para poder receber e tratar os alienados. Numa profunda reforma, mandou realizar obras no hospital, modificou o regímen hospitalar, aboliu os meios repressivos e introduziu novas terapêuticas como a medicalização (psicofármacos), a ergoterapia e a terapia ocupacional para poder recuperar o alienado.
The following doctoral thesis in History, specialty in contemporary History entitled: A Assistência aos alienados em Portugal: o Hospital de Rilhafoles (da fundação à Implantação da República) brings to debate the theme which insights the History of Psychiatry and Mental Health. Between the XVIII – XIX century, in a society which imposed a value of social production and wealth, the demented were set a side and many times condemned by their magical-religious ideas associated to them. On the XIX century, it is highlighted throughout Europe the emergency and consolidation of new medical science, where a new community of alienists and psychiatrists are going to contribute towards the progress of Psychiatry. Associated to the object of Psychiatry, the demented begins to be understood by society as a mental patient, that needs a place to be inmate where they can receive the necessary treatments for their recovery. In Portugal there’s a profound delay towards mental assistance, due to alienation of the mental patient or to the transfer of these mental patients to the degrading infirmaries of S. José Hospital. It was in 1848 a change towards mental illness, with the institution of Rilhafoles Hospital, the first hospital for mental patients in Portugal. Decades after the opening of Rilhafoles Hospital, it was revealed a great flaw in the maintenance of the building resulting on the degradation of the same building, as well as a flaw in its hygiene and to the vast number of mental patients. In this context Miguel Augusto Bombarda assumed the administration of Rilhafoles Hospital which contributed to restoring the dignity of the institution, so that the institution could receive and treat new mental patients. In the hopes to reform, construction work was ordered, modifying the regimen of the hospital, abolishing repressive means and introducing new therapies like medicalisation (psychotropic drugs), ergo therapy and occupational therapy towards the recovery of the mental patient.
The following doctoral thesis in History, specialty in contemporary History entitled: A Assistência aos alienados em Portugal: o Hospital de Rilhafoles (da fundação à Implantação da República) brings to debate the theme which insights the History of Psychiatry and Mental Health. Between the XVIII – XIX century, in a society which imposed a value of social production and wealth, the demented were set a side and many times condemned by their magical-religious ideas associated to them. On the XIX century, it is highlighted throughout Europe the emergency and consolidation of new medical science, where a new community of alienists and psychiatrists are going to contribute towards the progress of Psychiatry. Associated to the object of Psychiatry, the demented begins to be understood by society as a mental patient, that needs a place to be inmate where they can receive the necessary treatments for their recovery. In Portugal there’s a profound delay towards mental assistance, due to alienation of the mental patient or to the transfer of these mental patients to the degrading infirmaries of S. José Hospital. It was in 1848 a change towards mental illness, with the institution of Rilhafoles Hospital, the first hospital for mental patients in Portugal. Decades after the opening of Rilhafoles Hospital, it was revealed a great flaw in the maintenance of the building resulting on the degradation of the same building, as well as a flaw in its hygiene and to the vast number of mental patients. In this context Miguel Augusto Bombarda assumed the administration of Rilhafoles Hospital which contributed to restoring the dignity of the institution, so that the institution could receive and treat new mental patients. In the hopes to reform, construction work was ordered, modifying the regimen of the hospital, abolishing repressive means and introducing new therapies like medicalisation (psychotropic drugs), ergo therapy and occupational therapy towards the recovery of the mental patient.
Description
Keywords
Hospital Miguel Bombarda (Lisboa, Portugal) - História Hospitais psiquiátricos - Lisboa (Portugal) Saúde mental - Portugal - séc.19-20 Doenças mentais - Terapêutica - Portugal - séc.19-20 Psiquiatria - Portugal - séc.19-20 Teses de doutoramento - 2019 Bombarda, Miguel, 1851-1910