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Impacto clínico e nutricional do vegetarianismo em idade pediátrica : revisão narrativa
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Introdução: A idade pediátrica é um período caracterizado pelo crescimento físico, desenvolvimento somático e cognitivo e aprendizagem de competências sociais e comportamentais do ser humano. Neste contexto, é fundamental o correto planeamento alimentar para cada grupo etário, de modo a que a criança cresça de acordo com o seu potencial genético e adquira um neurodesenvolvimento normal. A adoção de um padrão alimentar vegetariano e das suas variantes tem vindo a aumentar nas sociedades ocidentais e designadamente na Europa, tanto na população adulta como em crianças e adolescentes, sendo frequentemente determinada por uma diversidade de razões – de saúde, religiosas, éticas e/ou ambiental. Objetivos: O presente trabalho constitui uma revisão narrativa da melhor evidência científica atual relativa à adoção de uma alimentação vegetariana em todas as fases do ciclo de vida pediátrico, incluindo os eventuais riscos nutricionais quando inadequadamente planeada e o impacto da mesma em determinados contextos clínicos. Metodologia: A pesquisa bibliográfica foi baseada na revisão da literatura publicada desde janeiro de 2010 até março de 2021 (inclusive), em bases de dados como a PubMed e Google Scholar, incluindo artigos originais, artigos de revisão, meta-análises e recomendações de sociedades científicas e entidades governamentais, referentes à população pediátrica até aos 18 anos de idade. Resultados: À semelhança de outros padrões alimentares, a dieta vegetariana quando completa, equilibrada e diversificada poderá cumprir os requisitos nutricionais preconizados em idade pediátrica, apesar do seu potencial risco de défices nutricionais. Salienta-se a importância da capacitação dos pais/cuidadores, comunidade educativa e profissionais de saúde nesta área, incluindo a promoção do conhecimento e da literacia em saúde, de modo a garantir um correto acompanhamento das crianças e adolescentes com uma alimentação vegetariana.
Introduction: Pediatric age is a period characterized by physical growth, somatic and cognitive development and by the learning of social and behavioral competencies of human beings. In this setting, a correct food plan adapted to each age group is essential, in order that the child can grow accordingly with its genetic potential and acquire adequate neurodevelopment. The adoption of a vegetarian diet and its variants has been increasingly observed in western societies particularly in Europe, not just in adult population but also in children and adolescents, being frequently motivated by several reasons - health, religion, ethics and/or environment. Objectives: The aim of this narrative review is to gather the best current scientific evidence concerning the adoption of a vegetarian diet in all phases of the pediatric life cycle, including possible nutritional risks when incorrectly planned and its impact in specific clinical settings. Methodology: The bibliographic search was based on the review of literature published from January 2010 until March 2021 (inclusive), in databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar, including original articles, review articles, meta-analyses and recommendations from scientific societies and governmental entities, concerning the pediatric population up to 18 years old. Results: Similarly to other food patterns, a complete, balanced and diverse vegetarian diet may accomplish the nutritional requirements recommended for pediatric age, despite its potential risk for nutritional deficits. It is of great importance to foster the capacitation of parents/caregivers, educative community and healthcare professionals in this area, including the promotion of knowledge and health literacy, in order to ensure a correct follow-up of children and adolescents under a vegetarian diet.
Introduction: Pediatric age is a period characterized by physical growth, somatic and cognitive development and by the learning of social and behavioral competencies of human beings. In this setting, a correct food plan adapted to each age group is essential, in order that the child can grow accordingly with its genetic potential and acquire adequate neurodevelopment. The adoption of a vegetarian diet and its variants has been increasingly observed in western societies particularly in Europe, not just in adult population but also in children and adolescents, being frequently motivated by several reasons - health, religion, ethics and/or environment. Objectives: The aim of this narrative review is to gather the best current scientific evidence concerning the adoption of a vegetarian diet in all phases of the pediatric life cycle, including possible nutritional risks when incorrectly planned and its impact in specific clinical settings. Methodology: The bibliographic search was based on the review of literature published from January 2010 until March 2021 (inclusive), in databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar, including original articles, review articles, meta-analyses and recommendations from scientific societies and governmental entities, concerning the pediatric population up to 18 years old. Results: Similarly to other food patterns, a complete, balanced and diverse vegetarian diet may accomplish the nutritional requirements recommended for pediatric age, despite its potential risk for nutritional deficits. It is of great importance to foster the capacitation of parents/caregivers, educative community and healthcare professionals in this area, including the promotion of knowledge and health literacy, in order to ensure a correct follow-up of children and adolescents under a vegetarian diet.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2021
Palavras-chave
Nutrição Vegetarianismo Alimentação saudável Pediatria