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Personalidade, resiliência e atitudes face ao envelhecimento em idosos do meio urbano e meio rural
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Resumo(s)
A presente investigação refere-se ao estudo da personalidade, resiliência e atitudes face ao
envelhecimento, numa amostra de indivíduos idosos. Os objetivos são: (1) analisar a influência
do meio ecológico na resiliência e nas atitudes face ao envelhecimento; (2) analisar a relação
da personalidade com a resiliência e as atitudes face ao envelhecimento e (3) analisar a relação
entre a resiliência e as atitudes face ao envelhecimento. Participaram neste estudo 123
indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com idades compreendidas entre os 65 e os 93 anos. Os
instrumentos utilizados foram: Inventário dos Cinco Fatores – NEO-FFI (Costa, P. T. &
McCrae, R. R., 1989, 1992), traduzido e adaptado em Portugal por Lima e Simões (2000);
Escala de Resiliência de Connor-Davidson - CD-RISC (Connor & Davidson, 2003) traduzido
e adaptado em Portugal por Faria-Anjos, Ribeiro e Ribeiro (2008); e Questionário de Atitudes
face ao Envelhecimento - AAQ (Laidlaw, Power, & Schmidt, 2007), traduzido e adaptado para
Portugal por Silva, Lima e Machado (2013). Os resultados mostram que (1) não há diferenças
entre o meio rural e o meio urbano quanto aos níveis de resiliência; (2) os idosos do meio
urbano apresentam atitudes mais positivas face ao envelhecimento do que os do meio rural; (3)
o traço neuroticismo está associado negativamente com a resiliência, enquanto os traços
conscienciosidade e extroversão estão associados positivamente com a resiliência; (4) os traços
conscienciosidade, extroversão e amabilidade encontram-se associados positivamente com
atitudes positivas face ao envelhecimento e o traço neuroticismo encontra-se associado
negativamente com essas atitudes e (5) as atitudes face ao envelhecimento e a resiliência
encontram-se associadas positivamente. Os resultados são discutidos de acordo com a literatura
e são apontadas limitações do estudo bem como sugestões para novas investigações.
The present research concerns the study of personality, resilience and attitudes to ageing in a sample of older adults. The aims are: (1) to analyze the influence of ecological environment in resilience and in attitudes to ageing; (2) to analyze the relationship between personality traits, and resilience and attitudes to ageing and (3) to analyze the relationship between resilience and attitudes to ageing. 123 participants of both genders, ranging from 65 to 93 years old were involved in the present study. Three instruments were used: Five Factors Inventory – NEO-FFI (Costa, P. T. & McCrae, R. R., 1989, 1992) translated and adapted in Portugal by Lima and Simões (2001); The Connor-Davidson resilience scale – CD-RISC (Connor & Davidson, 2003) translated and adapted in Portugal by Faria-Anjos, Ribeiro and Ribeiro (2008); and Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire - AAQ (Laidlaw, Power, & Schmidt, 2007), translated and adapted in Portugal by Silva, Lima e Machado (2013). Results show that (1) there is no differences between rural areas and urban areas in what concerns resilience; (2) urban elderly have more positive attitudes to ageing than the ones from rural areas; (2) the neuroticism trait is negatively associated with resilience, while conscientiousness and extroversion traits are positively associated with resilience; (3) conscientiousness, extroversion and agreeableness traits are positively associated with positive attitudes to ageing, and the neuroticism trait is associated negatively with these attitudes and (4) attitudes to ageing and resilience are positively associated. Results are discussed in accordance with the literature. Limitations are pointed out and suggestions for future research are proposed.
The present research concerns the study of personality, resilience and attitudes to ageing in a sample of older adults. The aims are: (1) to analyze the influence of ecological environment in resilience and in attitudes to ageing; (2) to analyze the relationship between personality traits, and resilience and attitudes to ageing and (3) to analyze the relationship between resilience and attitudes to ageing. 123 participants of both genders, ranging from 65 to 93 years old were involved in the present study. Three instruments were used: Five Factors Inventory – NEO-FFI (Costa, P. T. & McCrae, R. R., 1989, 1992) translated and adapted in Portugal by Lima and Simões (2001); The Connor-Davidson resilience scale – CD-RISC (Connor & Davidson, 2003) translated and adapted in Portugal by Faria-Anjos, Ribeiro and Ribeiro (2008); and Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire - AAQ (Laidlaw, Power, & Schmidt, 2007), translated and adapted in Portugal by Silva, Lima e Machado (2013). Results show that (1) there is no differences between rural areas and urban areas in what concerns resilience; (2) urban elderly have more positive attitudes to ageing than the ones from rural areas; (2) the neuroticism trait is negatively associated with resilience, while conscientiousness and extroversion traits are positively associated with resilience; (3) conscientiousness, extroversion and agreeableness traits are positively associated with positive attitudes to ageing, and the neuroticism trait is associated negatively with these attitudes and (4) attitudes to ageing and resilience are positively associated. Results are discussed in accordance with the literature. Limitations are pointed out and suggestions for future research are proposed.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde, Núcleo de Psicologia Clínica Dinâmica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2015
Palavras-chave
Personalidade - Psicologia Resiliência Envelhecimento Meio urbano Meio rural Teses de mestrado - 2015