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A reconstrução do pós-guerra : uma proposta didática
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O presente Relatório de Prática de Ensino Supervisionada apresenta-se como uma
proposta didática do Módulo 8 – O Nascimento e afirmação de um novo quadro
geopolítico: A reconstrução do pós-guerra, que se insere no programa de História A do
12.º ano. Esta proposta foi colocada em prática durante o estágio curricular do qual
resultou a intervenção letiva realizada no 12.º ano de escolaridade na Escola Secundária
D. Pedro V, em Lisboa. Este tema pretende proporcionar uma visão das transformações
na geopolítica internacional após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, que decorrera entre 1939 e
1945.
Relativamente à intervenção letiva no 12.º ano e, em particular, à proposta didática
apresentada foram abordados os seguintes temas: as decisões tomadas nas conferências
de paz de Ialta e Potsdam, das quais resultou a definição de novas áreas de influência e a
construção de uma nova ordem internacional; a criação das Nações Unidas e os seus
diferentes órgãos de funcionamento; as novas regras da economia internacional com a
Conferência de Bretton Woods em 1944, na qual foram definidas importantes diretrizes
económicas e, por último, a primeira vaga de descolonizações que se estendeu até à
década de 70.
A Segunda Guerra Mundial colocou um ponto final na hegemonia da Europa no
mundo, que já durava há alguns séculos. Não obstante à vitória das forças aliadas, a partir
de 1945, o domínio geoestratégico mundial é partilhado pelas duas superpotências que
emergiram vitoriosas do conflito: Estados Unidos da América e União Soviética. Neste
contexto, a Europa ficou dividida por uma “Cortina de Ferro”, célebre expressão utilizada
no discurso proferido por Winston Churchill em 1946, uma fronteira imaginária que
separava o ocidente europeu do leste europeu. A declaração de Ialta 12 de Fevereiro de
1945, assinada por Roosevelt, Churchill e Staline, mostrava uma Europa dilacerada pelas
guerras, estimulando as potências europeias a desenvolver maiores esforços na procura
da unidade europeia.
The present report on Supervised Teaching Practice presents itself as a didactic proposal of Module 8 – The Birth and affirmation of a new geopolitical framework: The post-war reconstruction, which is part of the 12th’s grade, History A official program. This proposal was put on practice during the curricular internship, whereof resulted in the teaching intervention, developed in the 12th grade educational guideline at the D. Pedro V Secondary School in Lisbon. The theme’s purpose is to provide an extensive view of the transformations in the international geopolitics after World War II, which took place between 1939 and 1945. Regarding the teaching intervention in 12th grade, especially to the didactic proposal presented, the following themes were the ones covered: the decisions taken at the Yalta and Potsdam peace conferences, which resulted in the definition of new areas of influence and the construction of a new international order; the creation of the United Nations and its respective bodies. In addition, the proclamation of the new the international economy rules’ thanks to the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944, which established an important economic guideline and, finally, the first decolonization wave that lasted until the 1970s. World War II ended Europe’s hegemony in the world, which had lasted for centuries. Despite allied forces’ victory, after 1945, the world geostrategic domain was shared by the two superpowers that emerged victorious from the conflict: the USA and the Soviet Union. In this context, Europe was divided by an "Iron Curtain", which was a famous expression used in the speech given by Winston Churchill in 1946, an imaginary border that separated the Europe in two hemispheres: West and East. The Yalta declaration on February 12, 1945, signed by Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin, illustrated a Europe torn apart by wars, encouraging the European powers to make greater efforts in the search of a European unity.
The present report on Supervised Teaching Practice presents itself as a didactic proposal of Module 8 – The Birth and affirmation of a new geopolitical framework: The post-war reconstruction, which is part of the 12th’s grade, History A official program. This proposal was put on practice during the curricular internship, whereof resulted in the teaching intervention, developed in the 12th grade educational guideline at the D. Pedro V Secondary School in Lisbon. The theme’s purpose is to provide an extensive view of the transformations in the international geopolitics after World War II, which took place between 1939 and 1945. Regarding the teaching intervention in 12th grade, especially to the didactic proposal presented, the following themes were the ones covered: the decisions taken at the Yalta and Potsdam peace conferences, which resulted in the definition of new areas of influence and the construction of a new international order; the creation of the United Nations and its respective bodies. In addition, the proclamation of the new the international economy rules’ thanks to the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944, which established an important economic guideline and, finally, the first decolonization wave that lasted until the 1970s. World War II ended Europe’s hegemony in the world, which had lasted for centuries. Despite allied forces’ victory, after 1945, the world geostrategic domain was shared by the two superpowers that emerged victorious from the conflict: the USA and the Soviet Union. In this context, Europe was divided by an "Iron Curtain", which was a famous expression used in the speech given by Winston Churchill in 1946, an imaginary border that separated the Europe in two hemispheres: West and East. The Yalta declaration on February 12, 1945, signed by Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin, illustrated a Europe torn apart by wars, encouraging the European powers to make greater efforts in the search of a European unity.
Descrição
Relatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino de História no 3º Ciclo do Enino Básico e no Ensino Secundário, Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2019
Palavras-chave
História contemporânea Guerra mundial (1939-1945) Reconstrução Europa Relatórios da prática de ensino supervisionada - 2019