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Territórios estigmatizados e espaços de exclusão nas sombras das facções em Fortaleza-CE
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Abstract(s)
Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender de que forma o controlo exercido pelas facções
criminosas afeta as comunidades urbanas periféricas em que estão inseridas. Foca-se, em
particular, nos impactos sociais da chamada ‘guerra de facções’ no quotidiano, nas relações
sociais e na mobilidade dos moradores do bairro de Pirambu, em Fortaleza, Ceará (Brasil). Para
contextualizar este fenómeno, são discutidos temas como a dicotomia sertão/litoral e o nexo
violência-juventude. A violência urbana em Fortaleza tem raízes numa migração
historicamente precária do sertão para o literal, motivada por secas e pobreza, que deu origem
a várias favelas. O deslocamento para áreas urbanas degradadas permitiu a emergência de novas
dinâmicas, agravando problemas estruturais e intensificando a violência urbana. Atualmente,
Fortaleza é uma das capitais mais violentas do Brasil. A análise procura demonstrar como a
ligação entre juventude periférica e violência urbana está intrinsecamente relacionada com a
pobreza, a ausência do Estado e a perpetuação da precariedade. Parte do estudo explora como
o contexto e a estrutura do capitalismo global contribuiu para a formação e organização das
facções criminosas. Contudo, a fase final do trabalho foca-se nas consequências práticas das
atividades das facções no quotidiano das pessoas comuns. A recente transição das gangues para
facções criminosas trouxe novas dinâmicas e desafios para os moradores de comunidades
periféricos. Uma breve incursão etnográfica no bairro do Pirambu revela alguns processos de
agência e resistência desenvolvidos pelos membros da comunidade para superar as limitações
geradas e impostas pelas facções, particularmente no que diz respeito às “fronteiras invisíveis”
que restringem a sua mobilidade social.
This study aims to understand how the control exerted by criminal factions affects peripheral urban communities in which they operate. It focuses particularly on the social impacts of the so-called ‘faction war’ on the daily life, social relations and mobility of the residents of the Pirambu neighborhood in Fortaleza, Ceará (Brasil). To contextualize this phenomenon, themes such as the sertão/coastal dichotomy and the nexus between violence and youth are discussed. Urban violence in Fortaleza has roots in a historically precarious migration from the sertão to the coast, driven by droughts and poverty, which led to the formation of several favelas. The displacement to degraded urban areas allowed the emergence of new dynamics, exacerbating structural problems and intensifying urban violence. Today, Fortaleza is one of the most violent capitals in Brazil. The analysis seeks to demonstrate how the relationship between peripheral youth and urban violence is intrinsically linked to poverty, the absence of the State, and the perpetuation of precariousness. Part of the study explores how the context and structure of global capitalism contributed to the formation and organization of criminal factions. However, the final phase of the study focuses on the practical consequences of the factions’ activities on the daily lives of ordinary people. The recent transition from gangs to criminal factions has brought new dynamics and challenges to the residents of peripheral communities. A brief ethnographic exploration in the Pirambu neighborhood reveals some processes of agency and resistance developed by community members to overcome the limitations imposed by the factions, particularly concerning the “invisible borders” that restrict their social mobility.
This study aims to understand how the control exerted by criminal factions affects peripheral urban communities in which they operate. It focuses particularly on the social impacts of the so-called ‘faction war’ on the daily life, social relations and mobility of the residents of the Pirambu neighborhood in Fortaleza, Ceará (Brasil). To contextualize this phenomenon, themes such as the sertão/coastal dichotomy and the nexus between violence and youth are discussed. Urban violence in Fortaleza has roots in a historically precarious migration from the sertão to the coast, driven by droughts and poverty, which led to the formation of several favelas. The displacement to degraded urban areas allowed the emergence of new dynamics, exacerbating structural problems and intensifying urban violence. Today, Fortaleza is one of the most violent capitals in Brazil. The analysis seeks to demonstrate how the relationship between peripheral youth and urban violence is intrinsically linked to poverty, the absence of the State, and the perpetuation of precariousness. Part of the study explores how the context and structure of global capitalism contributed to the formation and organization of criminal factions. However, the final phase of the study focuses on the practical consequences of the factions’ activities on the daily lives of ordinary people. The recent transition from gangs to criminal factions has brought new dynamics and challenges to the residents of peripheral communities. A brief ethnographic exploration in the Pirambu neighborhood reveals some processes of agency and resistance developed by community members to overcome the limitations imposed by the factions, particularly concerning the “invisible borders” that restrict their social mobility.
Description
Keywords
Violência Periferia Juventude Fações criminosas