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Resumo(s)
O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar em que medida o microcrédito funciona como instrumento de combate à pobreza. Ele encontra-se apoiado em dados do continente africano, com especial foco na situação de Moçambique. O microcrédito nasce da consciência de exclusão dos pobres relativamente ao acesso a serviços financeiros formais. Embora a literatura reconheça no microcrédito uma mais-valia para as categorias socioeconómicas menos abastadas, existem autores que têm vindo a levantar dúvidas sobre o impacto positivo do microcrédito no combate à pobreza em África.
A relação entre as duas dimensões (microcrédito e pobreza) é ilustrada a partir do estudo de caso de Moçambique, fazendo uma comparação com outros países do continente africano a partir de indicadores socioeconómicos e financeiros. De forma a atingir os objetivos propostos, desenvolveu um enquadramento teórico dos diversos conceitos fundamentais, tais como: pobreza, microcrédito e instituições de finanças.
A análise da situação em Moçambique permitiu transpor para a prática os temas anteriormente expostos. Concluiu-se que o microcrédito pode auxiliar no combate à pobreza ao aumentar a quantidade de ativos disponíveis para os mais pobres e excluídos do acesso ao crédito tradicional. No entanto, encontram-se regiões no mundo inteiro, é inclusive o caso de Moçambique, onde o acesso ao microcrédito apresenta sérias dificuldades e onde o índice de pobreza é elevado embora a tendência seja para uma diminuição gradual. Pelo facto de que os efeitos do microcrédito poderão ser ainda discutíveis e dividir opiniões, os resultados obtidos não são de todo esclarecedores.
The purpose of this study is to analyze to what extent microcredit works as a tool to fight poverty. It is supported by data from the African continent, with special focus on the situation in Mozambique. Microcredit derives from the awareness of exclusion of the poor regarding the access to formal financial services. Although the literature recognizes in the microcredit an added value for less than wealthy socioeconomic categories, some authors have been raising questions on its positive impact in combating poverty in Africa. The relationship between the two dimensions (microcredit and poverty) is illustrated from the case study about Mozambique, by comparing its socio-economic and financial indicators with those from other African countries. In order to meet the proposed objectives, a theoretical framework of the various fundamental concepts, such as poverty, micro-credit and finance institutions will be developed. The analysis of the situation in Mozambique allowed us to transpose the above mentioned issues into practice. It was concluded that microcredit can help fight poverty by increasing the amount of assets available to the poorest and to those excluded from the access to traditional credit. However, there are regions worldwide, as is the case of Mozambique, where access to microcredit presents serious difficulties and where the poverty rate is high, even though there is a tendency towards a gradual decrease. Since the effects of microcredit may still be questionable and split views, the results are not clear at all.
The purpose of this study is to analyze to what extent microcredit works as a tool to fight poverty. It is supported by data from the African continent, with special focus on the situation in Mozambique. Microcredit derives from the awareness of exclusion of the poor regarding the access to formal financial services. Although the literature recognizes in the microcredit an added value for less than wealthy socioeconomic categories, some authors have been raising questions on its positive impact in combating poverty in Africa. The relationship between the two dimensions (microcredit and poverty) is illustrated from the case study about Mozambique, by comparing its socio-economic and financial indicators with those from other African countries. In order to meet the proposed objectives, a theoretical framework of the various fundamental concepts, such as poverty, micro-credit and finance institutions will be developed. The analysis of the situation in Mozambique allowed us to transpose the above mentioned issues into practice. It was concluded that microcredit can help fight poverty by increasing the amount of assets available to the poorest and to those excluded from the access to traditional credit. However, there are regions worldwide, as is the case of Mozambique, where access to microcredit presents serious difficulties and where the poverty rate is high, even though there is a tendency towards a gradual decrease. Since the effects of microcredit may still be questionable and split views, the results are not clear at all.
Descrição
Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais
Palavras-chave
Pobreza Microcrédito Microfinanças Moçambique África Acesso ao Microcrédito Poverty Micro-credit Micro-finance Mozambique Access to Micro-credit
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Santos, Teresa Fátima Bento (2014). "O combate à probreza através do microcrédito em Àfrica : algumas observações acerca da situação em Moçambique". Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão.
Editora
Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão
