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Perturbações no cumprimento de smart contracts
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Perante o desenvolvimento tecnológico, torna-se necessário ter em conta novas formas contratuais. O legislador cada vez mais terá de ter em conta as novas tecnologias e criar mecanismos legais que acompanhem este desenvolvimento.
Uma das formas contratuais cada vez mais marcante corresponde aos smart contracts, os quais, com a criação de moedas digitais e principalmente de plataformas blockchain, têm ganho cada vez mais interesse por parte dos seus utilizadores.
Contudo estão em causa mecanismos tecnológicos novos cujas implicações numa perspetiva jurídica, são ainda desconhecidas.
O presente trabalho procura avaliar se _ e, em caso positivo, de que forma _ as figuras relativas às perturbações no cumprimento, em especial à luz do sistema jurídico português, poderão ser aplicadas à nova realidade dos smart contracts.
Tratando-se de uma realidade contratual nova e altamente tecnológica, o presente trabalho inicia-se pela apresentação e explicação do que são e como funcionam os smart contracts.
No entanto numa segunda parte procede-se à discussão sobre a aplicabilidade em smart contracts das diversas figuras inseridas no conceito de perturbações no cumprimento.
Em face da característica autoexecutável dos smart contracts parece ser necessário proceder a uma adaptação das diversas figuras de perturbações no cumprimentos.
Apesar de ser possível a aplicação de determinadas figuras de perturbação no cumprimento as mesmas não serão imputáveis às partes contratantes, sendo apenas possível imputar a terceiros ações ou omissões geradoras da perturbação no cumprimento. Ora, dado que nos smart contracts não se exige a interação com terceiros, a referida imputação redunda numa esfera algo complexa de concretização.
Por outro lado, a figura da mora, tal como existe no ordenamento português não parece que possa ser aplicada em smart contracts.
Faced with technological development, it is necessary to take into account new contractual forms. The legislator will increasingly have to take into account new technologies and create legal mechanisms to accompany this development. One of the increasingly striking contractual forms corresponds to smart contracts, which, with the creation of digital currencies and especially blockchain platforms, have gained more and more interest from their users. However, new technological mechanisms are at stake, the implications of which from a legal perspective are still unknown. The present work seeks to assess whether _ and, if so, in what way _ the figures relating to disturbances in compliance, especially in the light of the Portuguese legal system, can be applied to the new reality of smart contracts. As it is a new and highly technological contractual reality, the present work begins with the presentation and explanation of what smart contracts are and how they work. However, in a second part, there is a discussion about the applicability in smart contracts of the various figures included in the concept of disturbances in compliance. In view of the self-executing characteristic of smart contracts, it seems necessary to adapt the different figures of disturbances in compliance. Although it is possible to apply certain figures of disruption in compliance, they will not be attributable to the contracting parties, being only possible to attribute to third parties actions or omissions that generate the disruption in compliance. However, since in smart contracts interaction with third parties is not required, the aforementioned imputation results in a somewhat complex sphere of implementation. On the other hand, the figure of arrears, as it exists in the Portuguese legal system, does not seem to be applied in smart contracts.
Faced with technological development, it is necessary to take into account new contractual forms. The legislator will increasingly have to take into account new technologies and create legal mechanisms to accompany this development. One of the increasingly striking contractual forms corresponds to smart contracts, which, with the creation of digital currencies and especially blockchain platforms, have gained more and more interest from their users. However, new technological mechanisms are at stake, the implications of which from a legal perspective are still unknown. The present work seeks to assess whether _ and, if so, in what way _ the figures relating to disturbances in compliance, especially in the light of the Portuguese legal system, can be applied to the new reality of smart contracts. As it is a new and highly technological contractual reality, the present work begins with the presentation and explanation of what smart contracts are and how they work. However, in a second part, there is a discussion about the applicability in smart contracts of the various figures included in the concept of disturbances in compliance. In view of the self-executing characteristic of smart contracts, it seems necessary to adapt the different figures of disturbances in compliance. Although it is possible to apply certain figures of disruption in compliance, they will not be attributable to the contracting parties, being only possible to attribute to third parties actions or omissions that generate the disruption in compliance. However, since in smart contracts interaction with third parties is not required, the aforementioned imputation results in a somewhat complex sphere of implementation. On the other hand, the figure of arrears, as it exists in the Portuguese legal system, does not seem to be applied in smart contracts.
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Contrato Smart contracts Blockchain Incumprimento Mora Alteração das circunstâncias Teses de mestrado - 2022