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Detection of Leishmania spp. and other endo and ectoparasites in reptiles and amphibians from Portugal
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Reptiles and amphibians play a crucial role in ecosystems by providing a variety of beneficial ecological services. They contribute to pest control, nutrient cycling, and serve as bioindicators of environmental health. However, they can act as disease reservoirs and vectors for zoonotic parasites, including Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp. and, potentially, Leishmania spp. The increasing urbanization, global trade in exotic species and rising popularity of these animals as pets favours parasite dissemination to new regions, increasing the risk of emerging zoonoses and raising concerns about public health. Canine Leishmaniosis (CanL) is a zoonosis caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum, with dogs as the main disease reservoir. CanL is endemic in over 70 countries, including Portugal. Although dogs are the main hosts, recent studies have shown that L. infantum infection is possible in reptiles. This discovery raises several questions about the role of these animals in the biological cycle of the parasite. Amphibians are also relevant since they can serve as food source for sandflies, known vectors of L. infantum. The present study aimed to detect Leishmania infection in reptiles and amphibians using molecular tests (PCR) and detect other endo and ectoparasites through techniques such as DFA, external examination, and coprological methods. No Giardia spp. or Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in the samples. Other parasites were detected: mites of the genus Ophyonissus and a Phthiraptera pseudoparasite. Although no Leishmania DNA was detected in the samples, it does not exclude the possibility of infection in reptiles and amphibians, given the small sample size and limited geographic coverage. The synanthropic behaviour of reptiles and amphibians, their increasing presence in urban areas, and their transport through trade highlight the need for further studies to clarify their role in the maintenance and transmission of Leishmania spp., Giardia spp., and Cryptosporidium spp. from a One Health perspective.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Biologia Humana e Ambiente , 2025, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências
Palavras-chave
Leishmania infection Reptiles Amphibians Portugal Parasites