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Imunoterapia do cancro colorectal
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O carcinoma colorectal é uma das neoplasias mais comuns a nível dos países desenvolvidos acarretando elevada morbilidade/mortalidade e elevados custos no seu diagnóstico e tratamento. Estudos apontam que aproximadamente 40% dos pacientes cirurgicamente tratados virão a sofrer de recidivas num espaço de 5 anos. (1)
O diagnóstico precoce constitui um dos aspectos mais importantes para a diminuição da mortalidade associada, o que acentua ainda mais a importância do rastreio. Após o estabelecimento do diagnóstico é importante estabelecer o estadio da doença, o qual se vai relacionar com o tratamento e com o prognóstico do doente. As principais modalidades terapêuticas para este tipo de tumores incluem a cirurgia, a quimioterapia, e a radioterapia para o cancro rectal.
À luz dos actuais paradigmas vingentes de tratamento do CCR terem atingido o seu máximo benefício, várias alternativas terapêuticas têm sido objecto de estudo. (1) Os avanços na compreensão do microambiente tumoral, com foco no cancer immunoediting, têm despoletado a identificação de alvos terapêuticos para prevenção e/ou tratamento do cancro colorretal, que incitam tanto o desenvolvimento de novas moléculas como a utilização de moléculas com indicação comum para outras patologias
A Imunoterapia tem revelado benefícios clínicos consideráveis, com resultados comprovados ao nível de várias neoplasias como o cancro do rim, das células pequenas do pulmão e do CRC.
O propósito desta tese visa abordar os diversos aspectos do CCR com particular ênfase no tratamento por Imunoterapia. Neste último ponto serão abordadas as várias estratégias que engloba, bem como a sua relevância clínica.
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in developed countries with high therapy costs and co-morbidity/co-mortality rates. According to several studies approximately 40% of the surgically cured patients will experience cancer recurrence within 5 years. (1) Early diagnosis is one of the most important aspects to reduced associated mortality, which emphasize the importance of regular screenings. After the diagnosis it is important to establish the stage of disease which will relate to treatment and the prognosis. The main therapeutic modalities available for the treatment of CRC include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy for rectal cancer... Current treatment paradigms, with chemotherapy and biologics, appear to have reached their maximum benefit. This fact led to consider new ways to treat CRC. Advances in the understanding of tumor microenvironment and cancer immunoediting have triggered the identification of therapeutic targets for the prevention and/or treatment of colorectal cancer, inducing both the development of new molecules and the use of molecules with common indication for other pathologies Immunotherapy has shown considerable clinical benefits as an effective treatment approach in several types of cancer, including non–small cell lung cancer, melanoma and kidney cancer. The significant activity of these agents in various epithelial tumors raises the prospect that the immune system may represent a favorable avenue for advancing the management of patients with CRC. This work aims to make a general approach to CRC’s diagnosis and treatment with focus on Immunotherapy strategies and it´s relevant data.
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in developed countries with high therapy costs and co-morbidity/co-mortality rates. According to several studies approximately 40% of the surgically cured patients will experience cancer recurrence within 5 years. (1) Early diagnosis is one of the most important aspects to reduced associated mortality, which emphasize the importance of regular screenings. After the diagnosis it is important to establish the stage of disease which will relate to treatment and the prognosis. The main therapeutic modalities available for the treatment of CRC include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy for rectal cancer... Current treatment paradigms, with chemotherapy and biologics, appear to have reached their maximum benefit. This fact led to consider new ways to treat CRC. Advances in the understanding of tumor microenvironment and cancer immunoediting have triggered the identification of therapeutic targets for the prevention and/or treatment of colorectal cancer, inducing both the development of new molecules and the use of molecules with common indication for other pathologies Immunotherapy has shown considerable clinical benefits as an effective treatment approach in several types of cancer, including non–small cell lung cancer, melanoma and kidney cancer. The significant activity of these agents in various epithelial tumors raises the prospect that the immune system may represent a favorable avenue for advancing the management of patients with CRC. This work aims to make a general approach to CRC’s diagnosis and treatment with focus on Immunotherapy strategies and it´s relevant data.
Description
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2017
Keywords
Cancro colo-rectal Diagnóstico Tratamento Cancer immunoediting Imunoterapia Mestrado Integrado - 2017