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Psicodinâmica do fanatismo : tolerância à ambiguidade, vinculação ao pai e desenvolvimento psicossocial, na propensão para o fanatismo
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Resumo(s)
Os fenómenos de fanatismo têm vindo a assumir maior preponderância nas sociedades contemporâneas. A descrença nas antigas estruturas sociais e familiares, a abertura das fronteiras e o choque entre credos tem dado lugar a um espaço amplo, indefinido, onde diversos indivíduos e grupos se têm vindo a manifestar de forma agida contra as sociedades em busca de um significado próprio. Apesar da necessidade de compreender o funcionamento psicodinâmico destes indivíduos, a literatura existente na temática é ainda escassa. Os poucos casos existentes de processos psicoterapêuticos desenvolvidos com indivíduos desradicalizados demonstram a centralidade das temáticas ligadas à ambiguidade, identidade e vinculação ao pai.
Com base na literatura, procurou-se compreender a relação entre a tolerância à ambiguidade, vinculação ao pai e desenvolvimento psicossocial e a propensão para o fanatismo, como potencialmente expressa nas dimensões de dogmatismo, adesão ao grupo e capacidade para distinguir entre grupos de natureza fanática e não-fanática. Foram aplicados um Questionário Sociodemográfico, a Multiple Stimulus Ambiguity Scale, o Questionário de Vinculação ao Pai e à Mãe, a Modified Erikson Psychosocial Inventory Scale e ainda a DOG Scale a 77 indivíduos do sexo masculino da população portuguesa não-clínica.
Os resultados revelaram relações significativas entre a tolerância à ambiguidade, vinculação ao pai e desenvolvimento psicossocial, bem como entre estas e algumas das dimensões contempladas na propensão para o fanatismo. Infirmam-se associações significativas com algumas das variáveis sociodemográficas, nomeadamente entre a propensão para o fanatismo e o locus de controlo da autoestima, presença real do pai na infância e escolha de cenário de identificação a grupos. Verificou-se ainda que algumas das subdimensões da vinculação ao pai, associadas à presença real do pai na infância e à escolha de cenário de identificação a grupos explicam cerca de 26% da variabilidade da propensão para o fanatismo. Tais resultados foram discutidos à luz da teoria psicodinâmica.
Por último, foram discutidas as limitações deste estudo e direções futuras, bem como as implicações para a prática clínica e investigativa.
Fanaticism has been gaining greater preponderance in modern societies. The disbelief in old societal and familiar structures, open boarders and the conflict between different beliefs has given rise to an undefined potential space where both individuals and groups of individuals have been taking actions against societies while on the search for a personal shared significance. Although understanding the psychodynamics of the fanatical group and individual are a fundamental aspect of the research in this area, little has been done to date. The very few cases regarding psychotherapy with deradicalized individuals clearly show the centrality of the themes of ambiguity, identity and father-child attachment. Based on a theoretical review, this study sought to understand the relationship between tolerance of ambiguity, father-child attachment, psychosocial development and the propensity toward fanaticism, as potentially shown in measures of dogmatism, group membership and distinction between fanatical and non-fanatical groups. A Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the Multiple Stimulus Tolerance of Ambiguity Scale, Questionário de Vinculação ao Pai, Modified Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory and DOG Scale were applied to 77 portuguese young adults from a non-clinical sample. The results found significant relations between tolerance of ambiguity, father-child attachment and psychosocial development. These variables also showed significant relations to some dimensions found in the propensity toward fanaticism. Additionally, significant relations were found between sociodemographic variables, particularly self-esteem locus control, presence of the father during infancy and scenario selection given a projective task. Some of the variables regarding father-child attachment, along with variables such as presence of the father during infancy and scenario selection, account for 26% of the variability in propensity toward fanaticism. Such results were discussed in the light of psychodynamic theories. Finally, the limitations of this study are discussed, future directions are pointed and considerations about the implications of the present results to the clinical and investigative practice are addressed.
Fanaticism has been gaining greater preponderance in modern societies. The disbelief in old societal and familiar structures, open boarders and the conflict between different beliefs has given rise to an undefined potential space where both individuals and groups of individuals have been taking actions against societies while on the search for a personal shared significance. Although understanding the psychodynamics of the fanatical group and individual are a fundamental aspect of the research in this area, little has been done to date. The very few cases regarding psychotherapy with deradicalized individuals clearly show the centrality of the themes of ambiguity, identity and father-child attachment. Based on a theoretical review, this study sought to understand the relationship between tolerance of ambiguity, father-child attachment, psychosocial development and the propensity toward fanaticism, as potentially shown in measures of dogmatism, group membership and distinction between fanatical and non-fanatical groups. A Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the Multiple Stimulus Tolerance of Ambiguity Scale, Questionário de Vinculação ao Pai, Modified Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory and DOG Scale were applied to 77 portuguese young adults from a non-clinical sample. The results found significant relations between tolerance of ambiguity, father-child attachment and psychosocial development. These variables also showed significant relations to some dimensions found in the propensity toward fanaticism. Additionally, significant relations were found between sociodemographic variables, particularly self-esteem locus control, presence of the father during infancy and scenario selection given a projective task. Some of the variables regarding father-child attachment, along with variables such as presence of the father during infancy and scenario selection, account for 26% of the variability in propensity toward fanaticism. Such results were discussed in the light of psychodynamic theories. Finally, the limitations of this study are discussed, future directions are pointed and considerations about the implications of the present results to the clinical and investigative practice are addressed.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde, Núcleo de Psicologia Clínica Dinâmica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 201
Palavras-chave
Tolerância Ambiguidade Vinculação paterna Desenvolvimento psicossocial Fanatismo Teses de mestrado - 2017