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Em direção a um novo paradigma do direito da criança ao convívio na ordem jurídica portuguesa?
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A evolução sociológica do instituto familiar registada nas últimas décadas, marcada por um fenómeno de democratização, individualização e liberdade de (des)constituição familiar, trouxe os afetos para o centro da vida familiar, com reflexos a nível da conjugalidade e da parentalidade. A referida evolução transformou a forma como as pessoas se relacionam entre si, desencadeando um fenómeno de reorganização e pluralidade no tipo de convivências familiares1. A crescente diversidade de configurações familiares, designadamente, as famílias reconstituídas, de facto, as famílias monoparentais, homossexuais, de acolhimento, adotivas e avoengas, deu azo ao cultivo de novas e complexas formas de relacionamento entre os membros integrantes do agregado familiar. A afetividade transformou-se no elemento aglutinador, o único elo que, frequentemente, mantém as pessoas unidas, configurando o novo paradigma no que respeita à vida e constituição familiares, em detrimento do critério biológico. Todavia, o artigo 1887.º-A do CC, consagrando o direito da criança ao convívio com ascendentes e irmãos, permanece condicionado à existência do vínculo formal de parentesco, desconsiderando que, na contemporaneidade, os vínculos afetivos mais significativos para a criança, constituindo os verdadeiros pilares do seu harmonioso desenvolvimento emocional e psicossocial, podem bem transcender as relações de consanguinidade. A referida limitação é agravada pela ausência de um regime normativo claro que abarque a tutela das relações afetivas referidas, sem prejuízo do esforço realizado pela nossa doutrina e tribunais que se socorrem de meios alternativos de tutela. Os quais incluem o recurso ao artigo 1918.º do CC e interpretações teológicas e atualistas do artigo 1887.º-A, que carecem de segurança jurídica. Face ao exposto, salienta-se a necessidade de reformulação da norma em apreço.
The sociological evolution of the family institution in recent decades, marked by a phenomenon of democratization, individualization and freedom in the (de)construction of family ties, has placed affection at the center of family life, influencing both conjugality and parenthood. This evolution has reshaped interpersonal relationships, leading to a reorganization and diversification of family dynamics. The growing variety of family structures, such as reconstituted families, de facto families, single-parent families, homosexual families, foster families, adoptive families, and grandparent-headed households, has given rise to new and complex relationships within family units. Affection has become the unifying element, the sole bond that often holds family relationships together, representing a shift toward a new paradigm in family life and its constitution, prioritizing emotional ties over biological connections. However, Article 1887.º-A of the Portuguese Civil Code, which provides a child's right to maintain contact with their ascendants and siblings, remains constrained by the formal requirement of kinship ties. This fails to recognize that, in contemporary society, the most meaningful bonds for a child, those that form the foundation for their harmonious emotional and psychosocial development—often transcend biological relationships. This limitation is exacerbated by the lack of a clear legal framework addressing the protection of these emotional ties, despite efforts by legal scholars and courts to find alternative means of safeguarding such relationships. These include invoking Article 1918.º of the Civil Code or resorting to extensive interpretations that lack sufficient legal certainty. In light of the foregoing, this highlights the pressing need for a reformulation of the current provision to reflect the realities of modern family dynamics and to ensure robust legal protection for significant affective relationships beyond mere biological connections.
The sociological evolution of the family institution in recent decades, marked by a phenomenon of democratization, individualization and freedom in the (de)construction of family ties, has placed affection at the center of family life, influencing both conjugality and parenthood. This evolution has reshaped interpersonal relationships, leading to a reorganization and diversification of family dynamics. The growing variety of family structures, such as reconstituted families, de facto families, single-parent families, homosexual families, foster families, adoptive families, and grandparent-headed households, has given rise to new and complex relationships within family units. Affection has become the unifying element, the sole bond that often holds family relationships together, representing a shift toward a new paradigm in family life and its constitution, prioritizing emotional ties over biological connections. However, Article 1887.º-A of the Portuguese Civil Code, which provides a child's right to maintain contact with their ascendants and siblings, remains constrained by the formal requirement of kinship ties. This fails to recognize that, in contemporary society, the most meaningful bonds for a child, those that form the foundation for their harmonious emotional and psychosocial development—often transcend biological relationships. This limitation is exacerbated by the lack of a clear legal framework addressing the protection of these emotional ties, despite efforts by legal scholars and courts to find alternative means of safeguarding such relationships. These include invoking Article 1918.º of the Civil Code or resorting to extensive interpretations that lack sufficient legal certainty. In light of the foregoing, this highlights the pressing need for a reformulation of the current provision to reflect the realities of modern family dynamics and to ensure robust legal protection for significant affective relationships beyond mere biological connections.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Direito da família Família Superior interesse da criança Teses de mestrado - 2025 Family law Family Superior interest of the child