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O dever de informação nos contratos de adesão concluídos por meios eletrônicos
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A informação é, sem dúvidas, o valor mais precioso das relações jurídicas de consumo contemporâneas. Além de ser vetor de conhecimento entre consumidor e fornecedor, ela se revela na própria confiança entre as partes. A informação nos contratos de adesão concluídos por meios eletrônicos não se restringe tão somente ao conteúdo transmitido em si, mas sobretudo seu impacto social e seu alcance, tendo em conta sempre o fim a que se visa. Se a ausência ou omissão na regulamentação informativa prejudica o consumidor, por outro lado, a sua hiper-regulamentação acaba por embaraçá-lo, especialmente nas relações virtuais, acarretando desinformação ao consumidor. Assim, a presente investigação, elaborada a partir de estudos doutrinários e jurisprudenciais, objetiva proceder a análise e debates acerca do redimensionamento da informação nessa espécie de contratação, notadamente em seu conteúdo, sua extensão e sua forma transmitida, cotejando elementos subjetivos e objetivos, a fim de alcançar uma informação justa. Nesse contexto, busca-se responder, com base no direito comparado luso-brasileiro, até que ponto o dever de informação pré-contratual tem sido eficaz para o consumidor, relacionando em qual medida a atividade legislativa deve ser complementada pela atividade regulatória das empresas com vistas a tutelar os interesses econômicos dos consumidores. Em caráter complementar, pretende-se demonstrar a relação intrínseca entre o dever de informação e o instituto do direito de arrependimento, qualificar as situações de incumprimento do dever de informação e aprofundar as balizas doutrinárias sobre a possibilidade do exercício ao direito à legítima ignorância pelo consumidor em sede de contratação eletrônica. Com isso posto, procede-se à análise dos mecanismos de controle cível, administrativo e moral para evitar infrações e quais os reflexos para coibir condutas abusivas perante o consumidor. A dialética entre teoria e prática - crucial para detectar os problemas de harmonia entre o sistema luso-brasileiro - servirá de fundamento para demonstrar as dificuldades que o consumidor está suscetível às Directivas e respectivas transposições legais nesses sistemas jurídicos, detectando as zonas onde tal dever nos pareça insuficiente ou excessivo, sem deixar de levantar outras questões pertinentes ao tema. Por fim, o trabalho visa estabelecer proposições objetivas destinadas a instrumentalizar a compreensão do consumidor na informação transmitida, tendo em conta sempre sua vulnerabilidade informacional.
Information is undoubtedly the most precious asset of contemporary consumption legal relations. In addition to being a vector of knowledge between consumer and supplier, it reveals itself in the trust between the parties. The information in the subscription contracts concluded by electronic means is not restricted only to the content transmitted itself, but above all its social impact and its scope, always taking into account the purpose for which it is aimed. If the absence or omission in the information regulation harms the consumer, on the other hand, its hyper-regulation ends up embarrassing him/her, especially in virtual relationships, causing misinformation to the consumer. Thus, the present investigation, elaborated from doctrinal and jurisprudential studies, aims to analyze and debate about the resizing of information in this type of contract, notably in its content, its extension and its transmitted form, comparing subjective and objective elements, in order to achieve fair information. In this context, we seek to answer, based on comparative Portuguese-Brazilian law, to what extent the duty of pre-contractual information has been effective for the consumer, relating to what extent the legislative activity should be complemented by the regulatory activity of companies to protect the economic interests of consumers. In a complementary manner, it is intended to demonstrate the intrinsic relationship between the duty of information and the institute of the right of regret, to qualify situations of non-compliance with the duty of information and to deepen the doctrinal guidelines on the possibility of exercising the right to legitimate ignorance by the consumer in terms of electronic contracting. Bearing this in mind, civil, administrative and moral control mechanisms are analyzed to prevent infractions and the consequences in which it’s aimed to prevent abusive behavior towards consumers. The dialectic between theory and practice - crucial to detect the problems of harmony between the Portuguese and Brazilian system - will serve as a basis to demonstrate the difficulties that the consumer is susceptible to the Directives and the respective legal transpositions in these legal systems, detecting the areas where such duty seems insufficient or excessive, while raising other issues relevant to the topic. Finally, the work aims to establish objective propositions aimed at instrumentalizing the consumer's understanding of the information transmitted, always considering his informational vulnerability.
Information is undoubtedly the most precious asset of contemporary consumption legal relations. In addition to being a vector of knowledge between consumer and supplier, it reveals itself in the trust between the parties. The information in the subscription contracts concluded by electronic means is not restricted only to the content transmitted itself, but above all its social impact and its scope, always taking into account the purpose for which it is aimed. If the absence or omission in the information regulation harms the consumer, on the other hand, its hyper-regulation ends up embarrassing him/her, especially in virtual relationships, causing misinformation to the consumer. Thus, the present investigation, elaborated from doctrinal and jurisprudential studies, aims to analyze and debate about the resizing of information in this type of contract, notably in its content, its extension and its transmitted form, comparing subjective and objective elements, in order to achieve fair information. In this context, we seek to answer, based on comparative Portuguese-Brazilian law, to what extent the duty of pre-contractual information has been effective for the consumer, relating to what extent the legislative activity should be complemented by the regulatory activity of companies to protect the economic interests of consumers. In a complementary manner, it is intended to demonstrate the intrinsic relationship between the duty of information and the institute of the right of regret, to qualify situations of non-compliance with the duty of information and to deepen the doctrinal guidelines on the possibility of exercising the right to legitimate ignorance by the consumer in terms of electronic contracting. Bearing this in mind, civil, administrative and moral control mechanisms are analyzed to prevent infractions and the consequences in which it’s aimed to prevent abusive behavior towards consumers. The dialectic between theory and practice - crucial to detect the problems of harmony between the Portuguese and Brazilian system - will serve as a basis to demonstrate the difficulties that the consumer is susceptible to the Directives and the respective legal transpositions in these legal systems, detecting the areas where such duty seems insufficient or excessive, while raising other issues relevant to the topic. Finally, the work aims to establish objective propositions aimed at instrumentalizing the consumer's understanding of the information transmitted, always considering his informational vulnerability.
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Palavras-chave
Dever de informação Contrato de adesão Internet Comércio eletrônico Duty of Information Adhesion Contract Internet E-Commerce