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O exercício das responsabilidades parentais por terceiros e a relevância da afectividade no seu contexto
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
É inegável a constatação de que as ligações consanguíneas presumem a ideia generalizada de que os pais biológicos constituem o meio natural e imprescindível para o harmonioso e saudável desenvolvimento das crianças, vislumbrando a proximidade e a vinculação afectiva existente no seio familiar. Todavia, face a situações de confiança prematura de crianças a terceiros cuidadores, o legislador português não adoptou uma postura indiferente e passiva relativamente à importância e ao devido respeito a atribuir às ligações psicológicas profundas estabelecidas. De facto, devido à ausência prolongada dos pais, desde o nascimento ou idade muito precoce, as crianças constroem e fortalecem a sua personalidade assumindo a imagem destas terceiras pessoas como suas figuras primárias de referência, em que elos afectivos se consolidam e um sentimento de pertença reina, desenvolvendo-se laços semelhantes à filiação. No entanto, não possuindo a devida cobertura jurídica, afigura-se imperativo a instauração de uma acção judicial no sentido de tutelar tais relações de facto, por forma a respeitar o direito das crianças a preservar as suas relações afectivas estruturantes, de grande significado e de referência para o seu integral desenvolvimento. Perante a introdução de novos conceitos jurídicos como o afecto e a relação afectiva, o ordenamento jurídico português com a Lei de Protecção, em consonância com o Código Civil, prevê tal conjuntura como situações de perigo em que, vivendo numa situação de instabilidade e de insegurança, a criança, pode, a qualquer momento, ser retirada da família de facto que reconhece como sua. Considerando que a procriação biológica não coincide, em absoluto, com a capacidade parental, procura-se salientar a importância da necessidade dos Tribunais portugueses, em conformidade com o Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos Humanos, nortearem a sua actuação tendo como fito o superior interesse da criança, atribuindo primazia a uma relação baseada em cuidados, afectos e segurança, independentemente de vínculos biológicos.
It is undeniable that consanguineous links presume the widespread idea that biological parents are the natural and indispensable means for the harmonious and healthy development of children, glimpsing the closeness and the affective bond between the family. However, given the situations of premature trust of children to third carers, the Portuguese legislator did not adopt an indifferent and passive stance regarding the importance and due respect to attach to the deep psychological links established. In fact, due to the prolonged absence of parents from birth or very early age, children build and strengthen their personality by assuming the image of these third persons as their primary reference figures, in which affective bonds are consolidated and a sense of belonging reigns, developing bonds similar to affiliation. However, not having the proper legal coverage, it is imperative to institute legal action to protect such indeed relationships, in order to respect the right of children to preserve their structural relationships of great significance and reference for its integral development. Faced with the introduction of new legal concepts such as affection and affective relationship, the Portuguese Legal System with the Child Protection Act, in accordance with the Civil Code, provides for such danger situations, the child living in a situation of instability and insecurity may, at any time, be removed from the physical custody family, that recognizes as his or her own. Considering that biological procreation does not, at all, coincide with parental capacity, it is emphasize the importance of the need for the Portuguese Courts, in accordance with the European Court of Human Rights, to guide their action with the best interests of the child in mind giving primacy to a relationship based on care, affection and safety regardless of biological ties.
It is undeniable that consanguineous links presume the widespread idea that biological parents are the natural and indispensable means for the harmonious and healthy development of children, glimpsing the closeness and the affective bond between the family. However, given the situations of premature trust of children to third carers, the Portuguese legislator did not adopt an indifferent and passive stance regarding the importance and due respect to attach to the deep psychological links established. In fact, due to the prolonged absence of parents from birth or very early age, children build and strengthen their personality by assuming the image of these third persons as their primary reference figures, in which affective bonds are consolidated and a sense of belonging reigns, developing bonds similar to affiliation. However, not having the proper legal coverage, it is imperative to institute legal action to protect such indeed relationships, in order to respect the right of children to preserve their structural relationships of great significance and reference for its integral development. Faced with the introduction of new legal concepts such as affection and affective relationship, the Portuguese Legal System with the Child Protection Act, in accordance with the Civil Code, provides for such danger situations, the child living in a situation of instability and insecurity may, at any time, be removed from the physical custody family, that recognizes as his or her own. Considering that biological procreation does not, at all, coincide with parental capacity, it is emphasize the importance of the need for the Portuguese Courts, in accordance with the European Court of Human Rights, to guide their action with the best interests of the child in mind giving primacy to a relationship based on care, affection and safety regardless of biological ties.
Description
Keywords
Direito da família Responsabilidade parental Guarda de crianças Superior interesse da criança Família Vínculo afetivo Teses de mestrado - 2021