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Authors
Abstract(s)
O progresso da relação entre a ciência e a arquitetura hospitalar ao longo do tempo, oriundo das inovações científicas e tecnológicas, das mudanças no perfil das doenças e sua cura e dos avanços da medicina, delineiam modelos arquitetônicos marcantes ao longo do tempo. A evolução do modelo de confinamento e segregação de doentes para o modelo pavilhonar, seguido do tecnológico, expressa o confronto das mudanças da função do hospital em relação à sociedade e antecede as novas premissas para a organização do espaço do hospital contemporâneo. Este associa, à busca pela cura, novos paradigmas médicos, frente aos novos perfis de doenças e da expectativa de vida da população. Nesse contexto, este estudo enquadra-se na área da arquitetura hospitalar e aborda como temática a organização dos espaços, no âmbito da humanização, segundo os programas de necessidades preconizados por normas regulamentadoras para edificações de saúde. Analisando o ambiente hospitalar do século XX, sob a ótica do cuidado centrado no paciente e de premissas de humanização do Planetree e do Evidence Based Design - EBD, pretende-se identificar as novas necessidades arquitetônicas para o hospital do século XXI, visando a atualização dos programas preconizados por normas regulamentadoras. Na fase não intervencionista, fez-se a recolha de conceitos teóricos e consequente crítica literária sobre a evolução da humanização do espaço hospitalar e seus processos programáticos e normativos. Na fase intervencionista, tem-se a proposição de diretrizes arquitetônicas, que refletiram em recomendações para atualização da norma brasileira vigente, assim como na elaboração de ferramenta auxiliar para avaliação de estabelecimentos de saúde, voltados à humanização dos espaços hospitalares. A compilação das pesquisas científicas sobre o EBD e o cruzamento com a evolução histórica da humanização dos hospitais, permitiu a reunião de um amplo e diversificado conjunto de referências sobre a influência do ambiente construído na cura dos pacientes, de modo a promover a compreensão sobre a programação arquitetônica do hospital do século XXI e as proposições finais deste trabalho.
The progress of the relationship between science and hospital architecture over time, arising from scientific and technological innovations, changes in the profile of diseases and their cure, and advances in medicine, outline architectural models that have stood out over time. The evolution of the model of confinement and segregation of patients to the pavilion, followed by the technological one, expresses the confrontation of the changes in the hospital's role in relation to society and precedes the new premises for the organization of the space of the contemporary hospital, which it associates with the search for it cures new medical paradigms, given the new profiles of the disease and the population's life expectancy. In this context, this study fits into the area of hospital architecture and addresses as a theme the organization of spaces, within the scope of humanization, according to the need’s programs recommended by regulatory standards for health buildings. Analyzing the 20th century hospital environment, from the perspective of patient-centered care and the humanization premises of Planetree and Evidence Based Design, it is intended to identify the new architectural needs for the 21st century hospital, aiming to update the recommended programs by regulatory standards. In the non-interventionist phase, there was a collection of theoretical concepts and consequent literary criticism on the evolution of the humanization of the hospital space and its programmatic and normative processes. In the interventionist phase, there was the proposal of architectural guidelines, which reflected in recommendations for updating the current Brazilian standard, as well as the development of an auxiliary tool for the assessment of health facilities, aimed at humanizing hospital spaces. The compilation of scientific research on EBD and the intersection with the historical evolution of the humanization of hospitals, allowed the gathering of a wide and diversified set of references on the influence of the built environment on the patients' cure, in order to promote the look and the understanding of the architectural program of the hospital in the 21st century and the final propositions of this work.
The progress of the relationship between science and hospital architecture over time, arising from scientific and technological innovations, changes in the profile of diseases and their cure, and advances in medicine, outline architectural models that have stood out over time. The evolution of the model of confinement and segregation of patients to the pavilion, followed by the technological one, expresses the confrontation of the changes in the hospital's role in relation to society and precedes the new premises for the organization of the space of the contemporary hospital, which it associates with the search for it cures new medical paradigms, given the new profiles of the disease and the population's life expectancy. In this context, this study fits into the area of hospital architecture and addresses as a theme the organization of spaces, within the scope of humanization, according to the need’s programs recommended by regulatory standards for health buildings. Analyzing the 20th century hospital environment, from the perspective of patient-centered care and the humanization premises of Planetree and Evidence Based Design, it is intended to identify the new architectural needs for the 21st century hospital, aiming to update the recommended programs by regulatory standards. In the non-interventionist phase, there was a collection of theoretical concepts and consequent literary criticism on the evolution of the humanization of the hospital space and its programmatic and normative processes. In the interventionist phase, there was the proposal of architectural guidelines, which reflected in recommendations for updating the current Brazilian standard, as well as the development of an auxiliary tool for the assessment of health facilities, aimed at humanizing hospital spaces. The compilation of scientific research on EBD and the intersection with the historical evolution of the humanization of hospitals, allowed the gathering of a wide and diversified set of references on the influence of the built environment on the patients' cure, in order to promote the look and the understanding of the architectural program of the hospital in the 21st century and the final propositions of this work.
Description
Keywords
Arquitetura hospitalar humanização organização do espaço norma regulamentadora brasileira cuidado centrado no paciente Evidence Based Design Hospital architecture humanization space organization Brazilian regulatory standard patient-centered care
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Arruda, Ana Karine Carneiro - Do hospital tecnológico ao hospital do século XXI: a nova organização do espaço frente aos novos paradigmas de cuidado e humanização. - Lisboa : FA, 2022. Tese de doutoramento
Publisher
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura