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Variáveis preditoras do desempenho em jovens ciclistas de Cross Country Olímpico
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O Cross Country Olímpico é uma modalidade desportiva de ciclismo que nasceu nos Estados Unidos da América, caracterizando-se pela realização de um determinado número de voltas a um circuito pré-determinado, em que o número de voltas é determinado pelo tempo de uma volta. De acordo com a literatura, existem diversos fatores que podem afetar o desempenho de um atleta em Cross Country Olímpico, entre eles o volume de oxigénio máximo, potência aeróbia máxima, limiares ventilatórios e láticos. Também, outros componentes não diretamente ligados à capacidade fisiológica, mas igualmente relevantes corresponderam à potência muscular e valores de massa corporal e massa gorda. O objetivo deste projeto teve como base determinar a capacidade de predição do desempenho em Cross Country Olímpico de um teste de laboratório visando avaliar tanto a capacidade e potência aeróbia, bem como a sua capacidade anaeróbia numa situação de fadiga. Adicionalmente pretendemos verificar se as componentes antropométricas e neuromusculares fortaleciam a capacidade preditiva do desempenho em jovens ciclistas. A sessão laboratorial de avaliação consistiu na avaliação da antropometria dos ciclistas, potência muscular dos membros inferiores e na realização de um teste progressivo seguido de 4 sprints de 30 segundos com 90 segundos de recuperação entre eles. Os dois últimos foram realizados em bicicleta (rolos) com recolha de gases expirados e da potência produzida. Adicionalmente, ciclistas realizaram uma simulação de prova de Cross Country Olímpico também nos rolos. Verificou-se que as variáveis que apresentaram uma correlação muito forte com o tempo de prova (r ≥ 0,7) incluíram a % massa gorda (r = 0,73; p = 0,02), massa livre de gordura (kg) (r = - 0,79; p = 0,01), massa livre de gordura (%) (r = - 0,73; p = 0,02), massa muscular (kg) (r = - 0,80; p = 0,01), água (l) (r = - 0,73; p = 0,03), ângulo de fase (r = - 0,74; p = 0,02), altura do Squat Jump (r = -0,79; p = 0,01), volume de oxigénio máximo absoluto (r = - 0,89; p = 0,00), volume de oxigénio absoluto no 1º Limiar Ventilatório (r = - 0,78; p = 0,01) e o volume de oxigénio absoluto no 2º Limiar Ventilatório (r = - 0,91; p = 0,00), potência média absoluta, potência média relativa, potência máxima absoluta e potência máxima relativa dos sprints 2, 3, 4, à exceção da potência máxima relativa no sprint 4. Foi possível criar um modelo da regressão linear, que incluiu a potência média absoluta no sprint 3 e o volume de oxigénio absoluto no 2º limiar ventilatório, explicando 96% da variância do tempo de prova (R2= 0,96).
Cross-Country Olympic is a cycling sport that emerged in the United States of America and is characterized by performing a certain number of laps on a predetermined circuit, in which the number of laps is determined by the time of one lap. According to the literature, there are several factors that can affect an athlete's performance in Cross-Country Olympic, including cardiorespiratory capacity, maximal oxygen volume, maximal aerobic power, ventilatory and lactic thresholds. Also, other components not directly linked to physiological capacity, but equally relevant, corresponded to muscle power and body mass and fat mass values. The aim of this project was based on determining the performance prediction capacity in Cross-Country Olympic of a laboratory test aiming to evaluate both the aerobic capacity and power, as well as its anaerobic capacity in a situation of fatigue. Additionally, we intend to verify if the anthropometric and neuromuscular components strengthen the predictive capacity of performance in young cyclists. The laboratory evaluation session consisted of assessing the cyclists' anthropometrics, lower limb muscle power and performing a progressive test followed by 4 30-second sprints with 90 seconds of recovery between them. The last two were performed on a bicycle (rollers) with collection of exhaled gases and the power produced. Additionally, cyclists performed a simulated Cross-Country Olympic race also on the rollers. It was found that the variables that presented a very strong correlation with the race time (r ≥ 0.7) included a % fat mass (r = 0,73; p = 0,02), fat-free mass (kg) (r = - 0,79; p = 0,01), fat-free mass (%) (r = - 0,73; p = 0,02), muscle mass (kg) (r = - 0,80; p = 0,01), water (l) (r = - 0,73; p = 0,03), phase angle (r = - 0,74; p = 0,02), Squat Jump height (r = - 0,79; p = 0,01), absolute maximal oxygen volume (r = - 0,89; p = 0,00), absolute oxygen volume at 1st ventilatory threshold (r = - 0,78; p = 0,01) and absolute oxygen volume at 2nd ventilatory threshold (r = - 0,91; p = 0,00) absolute mean power, power relative mean, absolute maximum power and relative maximum power of sprints 2, 3, 4, with the exception of the relative maximum power in sprint 4. It was possible to create a linear regression model, which included the mean absolute power in sprint 3 and the absolute oxygen volume at 2nd ventilatory threshold, explaining 96% of the variance of the race time (R2 = 0.960).
Cross-Country Olympic is a cycling sport that emerged in the United States of America and is characterized by performing a certain number of laps on a predetermined circuit, in which the number of laps is determined by the time of one lap. According to the literature, there are several factors that can affect an athlete's performance in Cross-Country Olympic, including cardiorespiratory capacity, maximal oxygen volume, maximal aerobic power, ventilatory and lactic thresholds. Also, other components not directly linked to physiological capacity, but equally relevant, corresponded to muscle power and body mass and fat mass values. The aim of this project was based on determining the performance prediction capacity in Cross-Country Olympic of a laboratory test aiming to evaluate both the aerobic capacity and power, as well as its anaerobic capacity in a situation of fatigue. Additionally, we intend to verify if the anthropometric and neuromuscular components strengthen the predictive capacity of performance in young cyclists. The laboratory evaluation session consisted of assessing the cyclists' anthropometrics, lower limb muscle power and performing a progressive test followed by 4 30-second sprints with 90 seconds of recovery between them. The last two were performed on a bicycle (rollers) with collection of exhaled gases and the power produced. Additionally, cyclists performed a simulated Cross-Country Olympic race also on the rollers. It was found that the variables that presented a very strong correlation with the race time (r ≥ 0.7) included a % fat mass (r = 0,73; p = 0,02), fat-free mass (kg) (r = - 0,79; p = 0,01), fat-free mass (%) (r = - 0,73; p = 0,02), muscle mass (kg) (r = - 0,80; p = 0,01), water (l) (r = - 0,73; p = 0,03), phase angle (r = - 0,74; p = 0,02), Squat Jump height (r = - 0,79; p = 0,01), absolute maximal oxygen volume (r = - 0,89; p = 0,00), absolute oxygen volume at 1st ventilatory threshold (r = - 0,78; p = 0,01) and absolute oxygen volume at 2nd ventilatory threshold (r = - 0,91; p = 0,00) absolute mean power, power relative mean, absolute maximum power and relative maximum power of sprints 2, 3, 4, with the exception of the relative maximum power in sprint 4. It was possible to create a linear regression model, which included the mean absolute power in sprint 3 and the absolute oxygen volume at 2nd ventilatory threshold, explaining 96% of the variance of the race time (R2 = 0.960).
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cross Country Olímpico Desempenho Volume de oxigénio Limiar ventilatório Potência Cross-Country Olympic Performance Volume of oxygen Power Ventilatory threshold