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Intervenções e-health para a gestão da asma na adolescência e desenvolvimento do programa "+AR"
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Autores
Resumo(s)
O tratamento da asma na adolescência é particularmente desafiante, por estes
jovens tenderem a negligenciar a asma e a ter uma baixa perceção de controlo.
Considerando a necessidade de intervir para a promoção de uma gestão eficaz da asma,
as intervenções digitais (e-Health) têm-se revelado promissoras a este nível.
Este trabalho inclui dois estudos sequenciais. O primeiro consiste numa revisão
extensiva de literatura sobre intervenções e-Health para adolescentes com asma e/ou os
seus pais e identifica as técnicas de modificação de comportamento (BCT) usadas. Foi
realizada uma pesquisa em quatro bases de dados, plataforma Google Scholar e em
revisões sistemáticas sobre o tema; analisadas as características dos estudos, das
intervenções, e as BCTs em cada intervenção; e descritos os resultados de viabilidade e
eficácia dos programas. Foram analisados 17 estudos referentes a 14 intervenções. A
maioria das intervenções mostrou bons indicadores de aceitação e viabilidade e alguns
dos programas identificados apresentam bons resultados no controlo da asma, adesão à
medicação e diminuição de sintomas. As BCTs mais comuns foram auto monitorização
com feedback de comportamentos e dos resultados, pistas para adesão à medicação e
psicoeducação. Concluiu-se que intervenções e-Health permitem a modificação de
comportamentos de saúde, nomeadamente ao nível da gestão da asma, sendo uma mais
valia na adolescência pela interatividade e acessibilidade valorizada nesta faixa etária.
O segundo estudo descreve a continuação do desenvolvimento colaborativo de um
programa de gestão familiar da asma em adolescentes - Programa “+AR”, iniciado
anteriormente; compara este programa com os analisados na revisão; e apresenta
sugestões de melhoria. Verificou-se que o Programa “+AR” se compara favoravelmente
com os programas analisados em termos da inclusão dos componentes que se mostraram
mais eficazes e apresentam-se como sugestões de melhoria, nomeadamente a inclusão de
pistas audiovisuais e o recurso a um formato tecnológico mais sofisticado e interativo.
Asthma treatment in adolescence is particularly challenging, given that teenagers tend to neglect asthma and have low control perception. Considering the need to promote effective asthma management, digital interventions (e-Health) have become promising at this level. This work includes two sequential studies. The first one consists of an extensive literature review of e-Health interventions in adolescents with asthma and/or their parents and identifying the behavior change techniques (BCT) used. The research was conducted in four databases; used Google Scholar platform and systematic reviews about this topic; considered studies analysis, intervention features, and their BCTs; and described feasibility and efficiency results. It was analyzed 17 studies related to 14 interventions. Most interventions showed good acceptability and feasibility results, and some of the programs revealed promising results in asthma control, medication adherence, and decreased symptoms. The most common BCTs were self-monitoring of behaviors and outcomes of behavior with feedback, prompts to medication adherence, and psychoeducation. We concluded that e-Health interventions promote health behavior change, specifically in asthma management, especially in adolescents, because of the interactivity and accessibility valued in this age group. The second study described the continuation of a family asthma management program in adolescents “+AR” Program collaborative development, following a previous preliminary version; compared this program to the interventions analyzed in the review; and presented improvement suggestions. We found that the “+AR” Program is comparable to the analyzed programs regarding the inclusion of more effective. Finally, we present several improvement suggestions, like the inclusion of audiovisual prompts and a more sophisticated and interactive technological format.
Asthma treatment in adolescence is particularly challenging, given that teenagers tend to neglect asthma and have low control perception. Considering the need to promote effective asthma management, digital interventions (e-Health) have become promising at this level. This work includes two sequential studies. The first one consists of an extensive literature review of e-Health interventions in adolescents with asthma and/or their parents and identifying the behavior change techniques (BCT) used. The research was conducted in four databases; used Google Scholar platform and systematic reviews about this topic; considered studies analysis, intervention features, and their BCTs; and described feasibility and efficiency results. It was analyzed 17 studies related to 14 interventions. Most interventions showed good acceptability and feasibility results, and some of the programs revealed promising results in asthma control, medication adherence, and decreased symptoms. The most common BCTs were self-monitoring of behaviors and outcomes of behavior with feedback, prompts to medication adherence, and psychoeducation. We concluded that e-Health interventions promote health behavior change, specifically in asthma management, especially in adolescents, because of the interactivity and accessibility valued in this age group. The second study described the continuation of a family asthma management program in adolescents “+AR” Program collaborative development, following a previous preliminary version; compared this program to the interventions analyzed in the review; and presented improvement suggestions. We found that the “+AR” Program is comparable to the analyzed programs regarding the inclusion of more effective. Finally, we present several improvement suggestions, like the inclusion of audiovisual prompts and a more sophisticated and interactive technological format.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado, Psicologia (Área de Especialização em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde - Psicologia da Saúde e da Doença), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2020
Palavras-chave
Asma Adolescência E-health Teses de mestrado - 2020