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Interculturalidade crítica nos museus portugueses
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Este trabalho investiga como museus portugueses podem contribuir com a interculturalidade crítica no atual contexto de grande aumento no número de imigrantes em Portugal, em especial os provenientes de ex-colônias portuguesas. A esse cenário, somam-se a colonialidade e o racismo estrutural, heranças do colonialismo, que figuram como propulsores de preconceitos e discriminações cotidianas contra pessoas não brancas (racismo) e imigrantes (xenofobia). Considerando que nessa perspectiva crítica a interculturalidade é um processo permanente e contínuo, que tem como premissa a decolonialidade e o objetivo de promover mudanças estruturais, é fundamental fomentar o diálogo entre as partes envolvidas nessa história e o empoderamento de pessoas e grupos subalternizados pelo colonialismo. E a decolonialidade começa por admitir as responsabilidades históricas do país nesse período, que além de trazer a Portugal riqueza e poder levou aos territórios dominados a aculturação forçada, violência, mortes e a escravização de milhões de pessoas por séculos, com consequências na atualidade. Para tanto, é necessário deixar de contar uma história única e romantizada sobre o colonialismo, ainda muito presente em monumentos e museus do país, espaços privilegiados de educação permanente onde as histórias dessas pessoas, portugueses, afrodescendentes e imigrantes vindos de ex-colônias, podem e devem se encontrar. Como objeto de estudo foi escolhido o Museu de Lisboa Palácio Pimenta, na cidade de Lisboa, capital do País, tutelado pelo poder público municipal, com grande relevância histórica e social pertinente ao tema, especialmente porque se propõe a contar a história da cidade, marcada pela forte presença africana desde o início do colonialismo. Este trabalho também ouviu a Casa do Brasil de Lisboa, que há mais de trinta anos atua na defesa dos direitos dos imigrantes em Portugal, para identificar as percepções da entidade sobre como a colonialidade e os preconceitos relacionados afetam negativamente a vida dessas pessoas. A estratégia de investigação no Palácio Pimenta incluiu uma entrevista em profundidade com um representante da direção do Museu, observação direta e pesquisa documental. Embora a recente inclusão do tema da “Escravatura” na exposição principal seja um avanço, observa-se ainda a prevalência da colonialidade na narrativa. Ao mesmo tempo, há uma crescente abertura do Museu à participação de pessoas e grupos subalternizados em atividades relacionadas ao colonialismo, o que indica um caminho para se alcançar a interculturalidade crítica e a construção de narrativas mais plurais, que também podem espelhar iniciativas semelhantes no país e em outras partes do mundo.
This paper investigates how Portuguese museums can contribute to critical interculturality in the current context of a large increase in the number of immigrants in Portugal, especially those from former Portuguese colonies. Added to this scenario are coloniality and structural racism, legacies of colonialism, which are drivers of everyday prejudice and discrimination against non-white people (racism) and immigrants (xenophobia). Considering that from this critical perspective, interculturality is a permanent and continuous process, which is premised on decoloniality and aims to promote structural changes, it is essential to foster dialogue between the parties involved in this history and the empowerment of people and groups subalternized by colonialism. And decoloniality begins by acknowledging the country's historical responsibilities in this period, which in addition to bringing wealth and power to Portugal, led to forced acculturation, violence, deaths and the enslavement of millions of people for centuries in the dominated territories, with consequences to the present day. To this end, it is necessary to stop telling a single, romanticized story about colonialism, which is still very present in the country's monuments and museums, which are privileged spaces for permanent education where the stories of these people, Portuguese, Afro-descendants and immigrants from former colonies, can and should be found. The object of study was the Museu de Lisboa Palácio Pimenta, in the city of Lisbon, the country's capital, which is supervised by the municipal government and has great historical and social relevance to the topic, especially because it aims to tell the history of the city, marked by a strong African presence since the beginning of colonialism. This work also consulted the Casa do Brasil in Lisbon, which has been working for over thirty years to defend the rights of immigrants in Portugal, to identify the entity's perceptions about how coloniality and related prejudices negatively affect the lives of these people. The research strategy at Palácio Pimenta included an in-depth interview with a representative of the museum's management, direct observation and documentary research. Although the recent inclusion of the theme of “Slavery” in the main exhibition is a step forward, coloniality still prevails in the narrative. At the same time, the Museum is increasingly open to the participation of subalternized people and groups in activities related to colonialism, which indicates a path to achieving critical interculturality and the construction of more plural narratives, which can also reflect similar initiatives in the country and other parts of the world.
This paper investigates how Portuguese museums can contribute to critical interculturality in the current context of a large increase in the number of immigrants in Portugal, especially those from former Portuguese colonies. Added to this scenario are coloniality and structural racism, legacies of colonialism, which are drivers of everyday prejudice and discrimination against non-white people (racism) and immigrants (xenophobia). Considering that from this critical perspective, interculturality is a permanent and continuous process, which is premised on decoloniality and aims to promote structural changes, it is essential to foster dialogue between the parties involved in this history and the empowerment of people and groups subalternized by colonialism. And decoloniality begins by acknowledging the country's historical responsibilities in this period, which in addition to bringing wealth and power to Portugal, led to forced acculturation, violence, deaths and the enslavement of millions of people for centuries in the dominated territories, with consequences to the present day. To this end, it is necessary to stop telling a single, romanticized story about colonialism, which is still very present in the country's monuments and museums, which are privileged spaces for permanent education where the stories of these people, Portuguese, Afro-descendants and immigrants from former colonies, can and should be found. The object of study was the Museu de Lisboa Palácio Pimenta, in the city of Lisbon, the country's capital, which is supervised by the municipal government and has great historical and social relevance to the topic, especially because it aims to tell the history of the city, marked by a strong African presence since the beginning of colonialism. This work also consulted the Casa do Brasil in Lisbon, which has been working for over thirty years to defend the rights of immigrants in Portugal, to identify the entity's perceptions about how coloniality and related prejudices negatively affect the lives of these people. The research strategy at Palácio Pimenta included an in-depth interview with a representative of the museum's management, direct observation and documentary research. Although the recent inclusion of the theme of “Slavery” in the main exhibition is a step forward, coloniality still prevails in the narrative. At the same time, the Museum is increasingly open to the participation of subalternized people and groups in activities related to colonialism, which indicates a path to achieving critical interculturality and the construction of more plural narratives, which can also reflect similar initiatives in the country and other parts of the world.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado, Educação e Formação (Área de Especialidade em Desenvolvimento Social e Cultural), 2025, Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação
Palavras-chave
Colonialismo Comunicação intercultural Museus Racismo estrutural Xenofobia Dissertações de mestrado - 2025