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Desenho de redes de estradas de duplo acesso para combate a fogos florestais
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Wildfires are one of the main threats to ecosystems and communities, often intensified by adverse natural conditions such as high temperatures, strong winds, and dry weather. This work aims to develop decision support models for the design of dual access forest road networks, in order to improve operational response in wildfire scenarios. The presence of two distinct access routes to each forest area is crucial to ensure greater safety for field teams, providing evacuation alternatives in the event that one route becomes obstructed. To address this problem, several directed flow models were proposed. One of the main objectives of these models is to ensure the absence of sub-tours, for which different approaches were employed, such as MTZ constraints or the use of two flow units to establish the dual acesses sub-tours. In addition, different approaches to measuring the distance between roads and areas to be protected were explored, comparing a vertex-based approach with an edge-based one. This analysis made it possible to understand the impact that the definition of distance can have on the solutions obtained. Situations were also identified in which it was not possible to guarantee two completely disjoint accesses to certain forest areas. In such cases, extensions of the formulations were developed to allow the sharing of road segments between accesses. In other cases, excessively long access routes emerged, which could compromise the effectiveness and safety of the intervention. For these situations, models with restrictions on access length were created, promoting more balanced and safer solutions, better suited to the operational demands of wildfire suppression. In summary, throughout the dissertation, the proposed approaches contribute to improving the management and safety in forest access planning, offering more robust and effective solutions for wildfire suppression.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Estatística e Investigação Operacional (Investigação Operacional), 2025, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências
Palavras-chave
Forest Roads Directed Flow Models Dual-Acess Paths Wildire Supression Mixed- Integer Programming