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Implantes cocleares : reflexões sobre a sua história em Portugal e no mundo
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O implante coclear é um dispositivo biomédico implantável capaz de fornecer algum grau de perceção auditiva a pacientes com perda auditiva neurossensorial.
A presente revisão bibliográfica não cita todos os que contribuíram para o desenvolvimento do implante coclear, mas sim um conjunto de eventos e entidades que, cronologicamente, exemplificam a progressão da evolução deste avanço tecnológico no surdo. Numa segunda fase, irei abordar a evolução da implantação coclear em Portugal.
O implante coclear veio alterar o paradigma do tratamento da surdez neurossensorial. Atualmente, existem mais de 300.000 pessoas implantadas mundialmente, sendo que muitas destas pessoas conseguem ter uma conversa “normal” ao telefone. Paralelamente, o implante coclear na infância, associado ao diagnóstico precoce da surdez neurossensorial profunda, modificou radicalmente o prognóstico. Atualmente, há muitos jovens adultos surdos profundos que estão no mercado de trabalho com estudos superiores.
Após várias ideias precursoras, em 1961, Dr. William House realizou a primeira cirurgia de implantação coclear, nessa altura apenas com um elétrodo de estimulação. Hoje, são utilizados dispositivos com múltiplos elétrodos e sistemas de processamento de sinal complexos.
Em Portugal, a primeira cirurgia de implante coclear foi efetuada em 1985, tendo sido um dos países pioneiros. No entanto, a divulgação da técnica foi lenta e com interrupções, quer em Portugal como noutros países, por vários fatores que tentamos analisar
The cochlear implant is an implantable biomedical device capable of providing some degree of auditory perception to patients with sensorineural hearing loss. The present bibliographic review does not mention all those who contributed to the development of the cochlear implant, but rather a set of events and entities that, chronologically, exemplify the progression of evolution of this technological advancement in the deaf. In a second phase, I will approached the cochlear implantation in Portugal. This cochlear implant changed the paradigm of the treatment of sensorineural deafness. Currently, there are more than 300,000 people worldwide implanted, and many of these people can have a “normal” conversation on the phone. Simultaneously, the cochlear implant in childhood is associated with the early diagnosis of profound sensorineural deafness which changed radically the prognosis. Currently there are many young adults who are deaf and are in the labor market with high studies. After several pioneering ideas, in 1961, Dr. William House performed the first surgery of cochlear implantation with a single electrode device. Today, multiple electrode devices with complex signal processing systems are used. In Portugal, the first surgery of cochlear implantation was in 1985 and Portugal was one of the pioneer countries. However, the dissemination of the technique was s low and with interruptions , in Portugal like in other countries, by several factors that we tried to analyze
The cochlear implant is an implantable biomedical device capable of providing some degree of auditory perception to patients with sensorineural hearing loss. The present bibliographic review does not mention all those who contributed to the development of the cochlear implant, but rather a set of events and entities that, chronologically, exemplify the progression of evolution of this technological advancement in the deaf. In a second phase, I will approached the cochlear implantation in Portugal. This cochlear implant changed the paradigm of the treatment of sensorineural deafness. Currently, there are more than 300,000 people worldwide implanted, and many of these people can have a “normal” conversation on the phone. Simultaneously, the cochlear implant in childhood is associated with the early diagnosis of profound sensorineural deafness which changed radically the prognosis. Currently there are many young adults who are deaf and are in the labor market with high studies. After several pioneering ideas, in 1961, Dr. William House performed the first surgery of cochlear implantation with a single electrode device. Today, multiple electrode devices with complex signal processing systems are used. In Portugal, the first surgery of cochlear implantation was in 1985 and Portugal was one of the pioneer countries. However, the dissemination of the technique was s low and with interruptions , in Portugal like in other countries, by several factors that we tried to analyze
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2019
Palavras-chave
Implante coclear Prótese neural Estimulação eléctrica Surdez Nervo auditivo História da medicina Otorrinolaringologia