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Delivery methods to improve cancer vaccines
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Resumo(s)
O cancro é a segunda principal causa de morte na Europa, apenas superado pelas doenças cardiovasculares. Como tal, é essencial a investigação e desenvolvimento de novas e melhoradas terapias para combater esta doença. A imunoterapia tem sido, nas últimas duas décadas, uma abordagem terapêutica atractiva e potencialmente eficaz para combater o cancro.
Nas últimas décadas, foram propostos diversos mecanismos para "instruir" células dendríticas (DCs) a induzir respostas imunes contra os antigénios tumorais, cessando assim a tolerância imunológica. Esta revisão vai abordar os princípios da resposta imune durante o desenvolvimento do cancro e sua correlação com a função das DCs, bem como, os princípios e limitações das vacinas para o cancro. Uma visão geral das várias metodologias utilizadas para modulação in vivo das DCs e ativação direta das células T in vivo será fornecida, com referência às suas vantagens, limitações e estratégias de optimização. Por fim, as perspectivas futuras sobre a aplicação destas vacinas em contexto clínico, com menção ao design dos ensaios clínicos e os resultados prognósticos da combinação da imunoterapia com outras modalidades terapêuticas, serão discutidos.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in Europe, right behind cardiovascular diseases. As such, it has become essential to keep the investigation and development of new and improved therapies for cancer patients. Immunotherapy has been for the last two decades an attractive and potentially efficient therapeutic approach for cancer. In the last decades, several different mechanisms have been proposed to “instruct” dendritic cells (DCs) to induce immune responses against tumor antigens (TAs), thus breaking immune tolerance. This review will approach the principles of immune response during in cancer development and their correlation with DC function, as well as, cancer vaccine principles and limitations. An overview of the several delivery methods for in vivo modulation of DCs and direct activation of T cells in vivo will be provided, with mention to their advantages, limitations and optimization strategies. Lastly, future perspectives on cancer vaccine application on clinical settings, with mention to clinical trials design, and prognostic outcomes of combination therapy of immunotherapy with therapeutic modalities, will be discussed.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in Europe, right behind cardiovascular diseases. As such, it has become essential to keep the investigation and development of new and improved therapies for cancer patients. Immunotherapy has been for the last two decades an attractive and potentially efficient therapeutic approach for cancer. In the last decades, several different mechanisms have been proposed to “instruct” dendritic cells (DCs) to induce immune responses against tumor antigens (TAs), thus breaking immune tolerance. This review will approach the principles of immune response during in cancer development and their correlation with DC function, as well as, cancer vaccine principles and limitations. An overview of the several delivery methods for in vivo modulation of DCs and direct activation of T cells in vivo will be provided, with mention to their advantages, limitations and optimization strategies. Lastly, future perspectives on cancer vaccine application on clinical settings, with mention to clinical trials design, and prognostic outcomes of combination therapy of immunotherapy with therapeutic modalities, will be discussed.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2013
Palavras-chave
Cancro Vacina Imunoterapia Células dendríticas Targeting Nanopartículas Resposta imune (CTLs) Mestrado Integrado - 2013