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O farmacêutico na formulação individualizada : panorama atual e perspetivas futuras
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Resumo(s)
Os desenvolvimentos científicos e tecnológicos dos últimos séculos levaram à transição das antigas práticas domésticas dos boticários para a produção industrial de medicamentos, marcando o início da indústria farmacêutica. Esta mudança provocou uma progressiva uniformização da terapêutica, afastando-se da abordagem individualizada que anteriormente caracterizava a medicina e a farmácia. Atualmente, grande parte das intervenções farmacológicas baseia-se em guidelines, uniformizando as abordagens clínicas e nem sempre ajustadas às características específicas de cada utente. Deste modo, surge a medicina personalizada como resposta a esta limitação, procurando adaptar a terapêutica às necessidades clínicas, fisiológicas e psicossociais do indivíduo. Neste contexto, destaca-se a formulação individualizada, prática em constante evolução que visa oferecer soluções terapêuticas ajustadas às particularidades de cada doente. Esta abordagem tem especial relevância em áreas como a pediatria, geriatria, dermatologia, oncologia e medicina veterinária, onde frequentemente não existem alternativas industriais adequadas. A nível global, observam-se diferenças significativas ao nível da regulamentação aplicável à formulação individualizada, sendo essencial analisar essas abordagens como fonte de inspiração e como ponto de partida para a definição de estratégias nacionais mais robustas e adaptadas aos tempos atuais, como a adoção de tecnologias inovadoras como a Inteligência Artificial e a Impressão 3D, que prometem transformar profundamente a prática da formulação individualizada. Nesta perspetiva, esta monografia analisa, de forma integrada, os principais aspetos da formulação individualizada, explorando o seu enquadramento regulamentar, técnico-científico e socioeconómico em diferentes países, os seus benefícios na adesão à terapêutica, os riscos associados, o impacto ambiental e o papel central do farmacêutico em todo o processo, promovendo uma prática mais segura, eficaz, responsável e sustentável.
Scientific and technological developments over the past centuries have led to the transition from the traditional domestic practices of apothecaries to the industrial production of medicines, marking the beginning of the pharmaceutical industry. This shift has resulted in a progressive standardization of therapeutics, moving away from the individualized approach that previously characterized medicine and pharmacy. Currently, most pharmacological interventions are based on clinical guidelines, which standardize therapeutic strategies and are not always tailored to the specific characteristics of each patient. In this context, personalized medicine emerges as a response to these limitations, aiming to adapt treatment to the clinical, physiological, and psychosocial needs of the individual. Within this framework, compounded individualized formulations stand out as a continuously evolving practice that seeks to provide therapeutic solutions tailored to each patient's unique profile. This approach is particularly relevant in fields such as paediatrics, geriatrics, dermatology, oncology, and veterinary medicine, where industrial alternatives are often unavailable or inadequate. Globally, there are significant differences in the regulatory frameworks governing individualized formulations. Analysing these international approaches is essential, both as a source of inspiration and as a starting point for the development of more robust national strategies adapted to current times. This includes the adoption of innovative technologies such as Artificial Intelligence and 3D Printing, which hold great promise for transforming the future of personalized medicine. From this perspective, the present monograph offers an integrated analysis of the main aspects of individualized formulation, exploring its regulatory, technical-scientific, and socioeconomic dimensions across different countries, its benefits in promoting therapeutic adherence, associated risks, environmental impact, and the central role of the pharmacist throughout the process, promoting a safer, more effective, responsible, and sustainable practice.
Scientific and technological developments over the past centuries have led to the transition from the traditional domestic practices of apothecaries to the industrial production of medicines, marking the beginning of the pharmaceutical industry. This shift has resulted in a progressive standardization of therapeutics, moving away from the individualized approach that previously characterized medicine and pharmacy. Currently, most pharmacological interventions are based on clinical guidelines, which standardize therapeutic strategies and are not always tailored to the specific characteristics of each patient. In this context, personalized medicine emerges as a response to these limitations, aiming to adapt treatment to the clinical, physiological, and psychosocial needs of the individual. Within this framework, compounded individualized formulations stand out as a continuously evolving practice that seeks to provide therapeutic solutions tailored to each patient's unique profile. This approach is particularly relevant in fields such as paediatrics, geriatrics, dermatology, oncology, and veterinary medicine, where industrial alternatives are often unavailable or inadequate. Globally, there are significant differences in the regulatory frameworks governing individualized formulations. Analysing these international approaches is essential, both as a source of inspiration and as a starting point for the development of more robust national strategies adapted to current times. This includes the adoption of innovative technologies such as Artificial Intelligence and 3D Printing, which hold great promise for transforming the future of personalized medicine. From this perspective, the present monograph offers an integrated analysis of the main aspects of individualized formulation, exploring its regulatory, technical-scientific, and socioeconomic dimensions across different countries, its benefits in promoting therapeutic adherence, associated risks, environmental impact, and the central role of the pharmacist throughout the process, promoting a safer, more effective, responsible, and sustainable practice.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2025, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Palavras-chave
204205328 Formulação individualizada Medicamento manipulado Medicina personalizada Farmacêutico Ambiente Mestrado integrado - 2025